IOS开发--NSLayoutConstraint

屏幕兼容的问题

为了让我们的应用在不容尺寸的屏幕下都能 “正常”的表示，我们尽量不要把数据写死。

大多数可视元素都是一个矩形区域，当然这个矩形区域有坐标的，我们有了这个区域坐标就能确定可视元素的现实位置了。

但是iphone5 和以前的屏幕不一样了，在以前的设备中，我们可以添加一个 xx.@2x.png 来适应retina屏幕，但是iphoen5咋办呢？

ios 引入了 Auto Layout 的东东，这个要和UIViewAutoresizing 区分下。

看下面代码

- (void)viewDidLoad
{
    [super viewDidLoad];
        
    UIView *aView = [[UIView alloc] init];
    aView.backgroundColor = [UIColor redColor];

//为了不和autosizing冲突，我们设置No

    [aView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];
    [self.view addSubview:aView];
    
    UIView *bView = [[UIView alloc] init];
    bView.backgroundColor = [UIColor blueColor];
    [bView setTranslatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints:NO];
    [self.view addSubview:bView];
    
    NSDictionary *views = NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(aView, bView);

//NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings  宏  其实 NSDictionaryOfVariableBindings(v1, v2, v3) 等效于 [NSDictionary dictionaryWithObjectsAndKeys:v1, @"v1", v2, @"v2", v3, @"v3", nil];    
    [self.view addConstraints:
    [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:|-(>=50)-[aView(100)]"
                                             options:0
                                             metrics:nil
                                               views:views]];
    
    [self.view addConstraints:
     [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:|-(>=100)-[aView(50)]"
                                             options:0
                                             metrics:nil
                                               views:views]];
   
    [self.view addConstraints:
     [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"H:[bView(==aView)]"
                                             options:0
                                             metrics:nil
                                               views:views]];
    [self.view addConstraints:
     [NSLayoutConstraint constraintsWithVisualFormat:@"V:[bView(==aView)]"
                                             options:0
                                             metrics:nil
                                               views:views]];
    
    [self.view addConstraint:
     [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:bView
                                  attribute:NSLayoutAttributeLeft
                                  relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                     toItem:aView
                                  attribute:NSLayoutAttributeRight
                                 multiplier:1
                                   constant:10]];
    //添加一个限制  等效于 bView.frame.origin.x  = (aView.frame.origin.x +aView.frame.size.width)  * 1  + 10,好像是这样的！个人觉得！

  它是一种依赖关系，bView依赖aView，这样就算aView变了，bView也会跟着变换。
    [self.view addConstraint:
     [NSLayoutConstraint constraintWithItem:bView
                                  attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop
                                  relatedBy:NSLayoutRelationEqual
                                     toItem:aView
                                  attribute:NSLayoutAttributeTop
                                 multiplier:1
                                   constant:0]];
    
    [aView release];
    [bView release];
}

constraintWithItem:attribute:relatedBy:toItem:attribute:multiplier:constant:

Create a constraint of the form "view1.attr1 <relation> view2.attr2 * multiplier + constant".

属性

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutAttribute) {
    NSLayoutAttributeLeft = 1,
    NSLayoutAttributeRight,
    NSLayoutAttributeTop,
    NSLayoutAttributeBottom,
    NSLayoutAttributeLeading,
    NSLayoutAttributeTrailing,
    NSLayoutAttributeWidth,
    NSLayoutAttributeHeight,
    NSLayoutAttributeCenterX,
    NSLayoutAttributeCenterY,
    NSLayoutAttributeBaseline,
    
    NSLayoutAttributeNotAnAttribute = 0
};

关系

typedef NS_ENUM(NSInteger, NSLayoutRelation) {
    NSLayoutRelationLessThanOrEqual = -1,
    NSLayoutRelationEqual = 0,
    NSLayoutRelationGreaterThanOrEqual = 1,
};

最后的结果就是 “view1.attr1  <       >=    或者 ==   或者    <=       >  view2.attr2 * multiplier + constant”