Java定时任务之--schedule与scheduleAtFixedRate异同

山里人_1107

已于 2023-01-16 11:23:18 修改

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文章标签： java 开发语言

于 2023-01-16 11:19:17 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/u011368399/article/details/128701402

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相同点：

任务执行未超时，下次执行时间 = 上次执行开始时间 + period；

任务执行超时，下次执行时间 = 上次执行结束时间；

在任务执行未超时时，它们都是上次执行时间加上间隔时间，来执行下一次任务。而执行超时时，都是立马执行。

区别点：

schedule侧重保持间隔时间的稳定

scheduleAtFixedRate侧重保持执行频率的稳定

如果用一句话来描述任务执行超时之后schedule和scheduleAtFixedRate的区别就是：

schedule的策略是错过了就错过了，后续按照新的节奏来走；scheduleAtFixedRate的策略是如果错过了，就努力追上原来的节奏（制定好的节奏）。

下面通过测试代码、分析日志来验证上面的说法：

任务执行未超时，下次执行时间 = 上次执行开始时间 + period；

public class MyTimerTask {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyTimerTask.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test2();
    }

    private static void test2() {
        TimerTask task = new TimerTask() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                logger.info("------------------timer task start");
               
                logger.info("------------------timer task end");
            }
        };

        logger.info("test2 start");
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        timer.schedule(task, 0, 1000);
//      timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, 0, 1000);
        logger.info("test2 end");
    }
}

日志如下：任务执行未超时的情况下，下次任务执行时间 = 上次任务结束时间 + period；

10:43:28.760 [main] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - test2 start
10:43:28.765 [main] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - test2 end
10:43:28.765 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:43:28.765 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:43:29.777 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:43:29.777 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:43:30.791 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:43:30.791 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:43:31.803 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:43:31.803 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:43:32.804 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:43:32.804 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end

任务执行超时，下次执行时间 = 上次执行结束时间；

public class MyTimerTask {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyTimerTask.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test2();
    }

    private static void test2() {
        TimerTask task = new TimerTask() {
            @Override
            public void run() {
                logger.info("------------------timer task start");
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
                logger.info("------------------timer task end");
            }
        };

        logger.info("test2 start");
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        timer.schedule(task, 0, 1000);
//        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, 0, 1000);
        logger.info("test2 end");
    }
}

日志如下：任务执行超时的情况下，下次任务的启动时间 = 上次任务的结束时间。

10:48:40.435 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:48:43.443 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:48:43.443 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:48:46.450 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:48:46.450 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:48:49.463 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:48:49.463 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:48:52.465 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:48:52.465 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start

以上示例验证相同点，是可以的。但是对于区别点，存在一定的问题。因为每个任务都存在相同的延时，无法验证两个方法的侧重点。所以，设计了下面的代码来验证区别点：

schedule：运行定时任务，间隔1s运行一次。每五次任务重有一次会运行超时3s。

public class MyTimerTask {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyTimerTask.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test3();
    }

    private static void test3() {
        TimerTaskTest task = new TimerTaskTest();

        logger.info("test3 start");
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        timer.schedule(task, 0, 1000);
        logger.info("test3 end");
    }

    static class TimerTaskTest extends TimerTask {
        int i = 0;

        @Override
        public void run() {
            logger.info("------------------timer task start");
            if (i % 5 == 0) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            logger.info("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++" + i);
            i++;
            logger.info("------------------timer task end");
        }

    }
}

日志如下：

10:57:58.254 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:01.263 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++0
10:58:01.263 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:01.263 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:01.263 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1
10:58:01.263 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:02.267 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:02.267 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2
10:58:02.267 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:03.270 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:03.270 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++3
10:58:03.270 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:04.275 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:04.275 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++4
10:58:04.275 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:05.278 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:08.285 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++5
10:58:08.285 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:08.285 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:08.285 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++6
10:58:08.285 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:09.291 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:09.291 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7
10:58:09.291 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:10.292 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:10.292 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8
10:58:10.292 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:11.307 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:11.307 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9
10:58:11.307 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:12.314 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:15.318 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++10
10:58:15.318 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:15.318 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:15.318 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++11
10:58:15.318 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:16.319 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:16.319 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++12
10:58:16.319 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:17.323 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:17.323 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++13
10:58:17.323 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:18.336 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:18.336 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++14
10:58:18.336 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:19.345 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:22.354 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++15
10:58:22.354 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:22.354 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:22.354 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++16
10:58:22.354 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
10:58:23.367 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
10:58:23.367 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++17
10:58:23.367 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end

schedule 执行任务超时，第N个任务会在 N-1个任务执行完成后，不做period等待，立即启动执行；N任务执行未超时，N+1个任务会在N任务执行完成后，等待period，再执行。

即：schedule侧重时间间隔的稳定，错过了就错过了，后续按照新的节奏走。

scheduleAtFixedRate：运行定时任务，间隔1s运行一次。每五次任务重有一次会运行超时3s。

public class MyTimerTask {
    private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyTimerTask.class);

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        test3();
    }

    private static void test3() {
        TimerTaskTest task = new TimerTaskTest();

        logger.info("test3 start");
        Timer timer = new Timer();
        timer.scheduleAtFixedRate(task, 0, 1000);
        logger.info("test3 end");
    }

    static class TimerTaskTest extends TimerTask {
        int i = 0;

        @Override
        public void run() {
            logger.info("------------------timer task start");
            if (i % 5 == 0) {
                try {
                    Thread.sleep(3000);
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    throw new RuntimeException(e);
                }
            }
            logger.info("++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++" + i);
            i++;
            logger.info("------------------timer task end");
        }

    }
}

日志如下：

11:09:44.522 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
11:09:47.522 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++0
11:09:47.522 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
11:09:47.522 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
11:09:47.522 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++1
11:09:47.522 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
11:09:47.522 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
11:09:47.522 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++2
11:09:47.522 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
11:09:47.522 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
11:09:47.522 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++3
11:09:47.522 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
11:09:48.524 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
11:09:48.524 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++4
11:09:48.524 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
11:09:49.514 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
11:09:52.529 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++5
11:09:52.529 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
11:09:52.529 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
11:09:52.529 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++6
11:09:52.529 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
11:09:52.529 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
11:09:52.529 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++7
11:09:52.529 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
11:09:52.529 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
11:09:52.529 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++8
11:09:52.529 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
11:09:53.514 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
11:09:53.514 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++9
11:09:53.514 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
11:09:54.513 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
11:09:57.523 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++10
11:09:57.523 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end
11:09:57.523 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task start
11:09:57.523 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++11
11:09:57.523 [Timer-0] INFO com.massmeet.mytimer.service.MyTimerTask - ------------------timer task end

scheduleAtFixedRate在任务执行超时后，不错period等待，立即执行下一个任务。并且后续任务会根据超时时长，不做period等待，立即执行后续的任务，直到追上设定的节奏后，再进行period等待执行后续任务。

即：scheduleAtFixedRate侧重的是频率的稳定，如果错过了，就取消period等待，努力追上设定好的节奏。

山里人_1107

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Java定时任务之--schedule与scheduleAtFixedRate异同

schedule 执行任务超时，第N个任务会在 N-1个任务执行完成后，不做period等待，立即启动执行；N任务执行未超时，N+1个任务会在N任务执行完成后，等待period，再执行。
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