数据库_Redis_Python_02

Redis安装

安装可用于Python编程语言操作的Redis库。
命令行安装方式如下：

pip install redis

连接Redis

Python Redis提供了两种连接方式：普通连接方式和连接池连接方式。
需要注意的是： Redis中字符串返回值类型是bytes类型

普通连接方式

redis_conn = redis.Redis(host='127.0.0.1', port=6379)

连接池连接方式

redis_pool = redis.ConnectionPool(host='127.0.0.1', port=6379)
redis_conn = redis.Redis(connection_pool=redis_pool)

5种数据类型操作

1 string字符串操作

1.设置和获取单个键值
设置单个键值

redis_conn.set("name_1", "张三")

获取单个键值

name_1 = redis_conn.get("name_1")

2.设置和获取多个键值
设置多个键值

redis_conn.mset(name_1='张三', name_2='李四')

或

names = {
        'name_1': '张三',
        'name_2': '李四'
    }
    redis_conn.mset(names)

获取多个键值

names = redis_conn.mget('name_1', 'name_2')
name_s = [str(name, 'utf-8') for name in names]
print(name_s)

2 list列表操作

1.左边添加值

sz = redis_conn.lpush("list_1", 1, 2, 3)

2.查询list长度

print(redis_conn.llen('list_1'))

3.下标范围查询

print(redis_conn.lrange('list_1', 0, 3))

4.指定下标查询

print(redis_conn.lindex('list_1', 1))

5.左边删除值

print(redis_conn.lpop('list_1'))

6.右边删除值

print(redis_conn.rpop('list_1'))

7.指定位置删除值
表示从坐标开始删除2个值为1的元素

print(redis_conn.lrem('list_1', 2, 1))

3 hash哈希操作

1.插入键值对
hset函数的参数有四个，前三个参数解释如下：

1. name：hash表的名字，可以存储2^32 - 1个键值对
2. key：键
3. value：值

函数实现

def hset(self, name, key=None, value=None, mapping=None):
    """
    Set ``key`` to ``value`` within hash ``name``,
    ``mapping`` accepts a dict of key/value pairs that will be
    added to hash ``name``.
    Returns the number of fields that were added.

    For more information check https://redis.io/commands/hset
    """
    if key is None and not mapping:
        raise DataError("'hset' with no key value pairs")
    items = []
    if key is not None:
        items.extend((key, value))
    if mapping:
        for pair in mapping.items():
            items.extend(pair)

    return self.execute_command("HSET", name, *items)

返回值是插入的条数，当已有该键时，返回0，表示插入失败

print(redis_conn.hset('hash_1', 'key_1', 'value_1'))

2.根据键查看值

print(redis_conn.hget('hash_1', 'key_1'))

3.查看指定hash表中的所有键

print(redis_conn.hkeys('hash_1'))

4.查看指定hash表中的所有值

print(redis_conn.hvals('hash_1'))

5.查看指定hash表中的所有键值对

print(redis_conn.hgetall('hash_1'))

6.查看指定hash表中元素个数

print(redis_conn.hlen('hash_1'))

4 set操作

1.添加数据
函数实现

def sadd(self, name, *values):
    """
    Add ``value(s)`` to set ``name``

    For more information check https://redis.io/commands/sadd
    """
    return self.execute_command("SADD", name, *values)

添加数据

print(redis_conn.sadd('set_1', 'val_1', 'val_2', 'val_3'))

2.查看数据

print(redis_conn.smembers('set_1'))

3.查看数据个数
函数实现

def scard(self, name):
    """
    Return the number of elements in set ``name``

    For more information check https://redis.io/commands/scard
    """
    return self.execute_command("SCARD", name)

print(redis_conn.scard('set_1'))

4.随机删除一个元素
函数实现

def spop(self, name, count=None):
    """
    Remove and return a random member of set ``name``

    For more information check https://redis.io/commands/spop
    """
    args = (count is not None) and [count] or []
    return self.execute_command("SPOP", name, *args)

print(redis_conn.scard('set_1'))

5.删除指定的元素
函数实现

def srem(self, name, *values):
    """
    Remove ``values`` from set ``name``

    For more information check https://redis.io/commands/srem
    """
    return self.execute_command("SREM", name, *values)

print(redis_conn.srem('set_1', 'val_1', 'val_3'))

5 Zset操作

1.插入数据

mapping = {
    '1': 10,
    '1': 20,
    '1': 30,
    '2': 40,
    '2': 50,
    '3': 60
}
print(redis_conn.zadd('zset_1', mapping))

2.通过索引范围查看键
返回的keys

print(redis_conn.zrange('zset_1', 0, 3))

2.通过值的范围查看键

print(redis_conn.zrangebyscore('zset_1', 10, 60))

3.通过键删除数据
返回输出的个数

print(redis_conn.zrem('zset_1', '1', '2'))

4.通过索引范围删除数据

print(redis_conn.zremrangebyrank('zset_1', 1, 2))

5.通过分数范围删除数据

print(redis_conn.zremrangebyscore('zset_1', 10, 30))

全局关键字的操作

1.查看所有的key

print(redis_conn.keys())

2.查看key的类型

print(redis_conn.type('list_1'))

3.查看key是否存在

print(redis_conn.exists('list_1'))

4.删除键值对

print(redis_conn.delete('list_1'))

5.设置过期时间

函数实现

def expire(self, name, time):
    """
    Set an expire flag on key ``name`` for ``time`` seconds. ``time``
    can be represented by an integer or a Python timedelta object.

    For more information check https://redis.io/commands/expire
    """
    if isinstance(time, datetime.timedelta):
        time = int(time.total_seconds())
    return self.execute_command("EXPIRE", name, time)

设置成功返回True，超过设置时间后，该键值对就会被删除

print(redis_conn.expire('list_1', 10))

6.删除过期时间

函数实现

def persist(self, name):
    """
    Removes an expiration on ``name``

    For more information check https://redis.io/commands/persist
    """
    return self.execute_command("PERSIST", name)

print(redis_conn.persist('myzset'))

7.查看过期剩余时间

def ttl(self, name):
    """
    Returns the number of seconds until the key ``name`` will expire

    For more information check https://redis.io/commands/ttl
    """
    return self.execute_command("TTL", name)

print(redis_conn.ttl('myzset'))