抽象工厂模式

场景问题

       假设一个网站的数据来源于数据库SQL Server,当网站进行维护时，增加或删除功能，在数据库做改动，相应的程序代码也必须改动，此时维护的工作量是很大的。再比如遇到要用到Oracle数据库，改动的地方更多。因此应该提供不同的数据库访问接口，通过组装来应对不同的需求变更。

用工厂方法模式的数据访问

Iuser接口: 用于客户端访问，解除与具体的数据库访问的解耦

package factory;

interface IUser {
	 void Insert(User user);
	 User GetUser(int id);
}

SqlServerUser类：用于访问SQL Server的User

package factory;

public class SqlServerUser implements IUser {

	@Override
	public void Insert(User user) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在sqlserver中给User表增加一条记录");
	}

	@Override
	public User GetUser(int id) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在sqlserver中根据ID得到user表的一条记录");
		return null;
	}

}

AccessUser类：用于访问Access的User

package factory;

public class AccessUser implements IUser {

	@Override
	public void Insert(User user) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在Access中给User表增加一条记录");
	}

	@Override
	public User GetUser(int id) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在Access中给User表增加一条记录");
		return null;
	}

}

IFactory接口：定义一个创建访问User表对象的抽象的工厂接口

package factory;

public interface IFactory {
	IUser CreateUser();
}

SqlServerFactory类：实现IFactory接口，实例化SqlServerUser

package factory;

public class SqlServerFactory implements IFactory {

	@Override
	public SqlServerUser CreateUser() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new SqlServerUser();
	}

}

AccessFactory类：实现IFactory接口，实例化AccessUser

package factory;

public class AccessFactory implements IFactory {

	@Override
	public IUser CreateUser() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new AccessUser();
	}

}

客户端代码：

package factory;

public class Client {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		User user =  new User();
		/**
		 * 此处如果是Access数据库，只需要将本其改为
		 * IFactory factory = new AccessFactory();
		 */
		IFactory factory = new SqlServerFactory();
		IUser iUser =   factory.CreateUser();
		iUser.Insert(user);
		iUser.GetUser(1);
	}
}

用抽象工厂模式的数据访问程序

代码结构图：

IDepartment接口：用于客户端访问，解除与具体数据库访问的耦合

package factory;

public interface IDepartment {
	void Insert(Department department);
	Department GetDepartment(int id);
}

SqlServerDepartment类：用于访问SQL Serv    er的Department

package factory;

public class SqlServerDepartment implements IDepartment {

	@Override
	public void Insert(Department department) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在sqlserver中给Department表增加一条记录");
	}

	@Override
	public Department GetDepartment(int id) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在sqlserver中根据ID得到Department表的一条记录");
		return null;
	}

}

AccessDepartment类：用于访问Access的Department

package factory;

public class AccessDepartment implements IDepartment {

	@Override
	public void Insert(Department department) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在Access中给Department表增加一条记录");
	}

	@Override
	public Department GetDepartment(int id) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		System.out.println("在Access中给Department表增加一条记录");
		return null;
	}

}

IFactory接口：增加了创建部门的接口方法

package factory;

public interface IFactory {
	IUser CreateUser();
	/**
	 * 增加了接口方法
	 * @return
	 */
	IDepartment CreateDepartment();
}

SqlServerFactory类：实现IFactory接口，实例化SqlServerUser和SqlServerDepartment

package factory;

public class SqlServerFactory implements IFactory {

	@Override
	public SqlServerUser CreateUser() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new SqlServerUser();
	}

	@Override
	public IDepartment CreateDepartment() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new SqlServerDepartment();
	}

}

AccessFactory类：实现IFactory接口，实例化AccessUser和AccessDepartment

package factory;

public class AccessFactory implements IFactory {

	@Override
	public IUser CreateUser() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new AccessUser();
	}

	@Override
	public IDepartment CreateDepartment() {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		return new AccessDepartment();
	}

}

客户端代码：

package factory;

public class Client {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		User user =  new User();
		Department department = new Department();
		/**
		 * 只需要确定实例化哪一个数据库访问对象给factory
		 */
		IFactory factory = new AccessFactory();
		
		IUser iUser =   factory.CreateUser();
		iUser.Insert(user);
		iUser.GetUser(1);
		
		
		IDepartment id = factory.CreateDepartment();
		id.Insert(department);
		id.GetDepartment(1);
	}
}

抽象工厂模式

    抽象工厂模式（Abstract Factory):提供一个创建一系列相关或依赖对象 的接口，无需指定它们具体的类

结构图：

AbstractProductA和AbstractProductB是两个抽象产品，之所以抽象，是因为他们可能有不同的实现方法。

IFactory是一个抽象工厂的接口，包含所有产品创建的抽象方法，ConcreteFactory1和ConcreteFactory2就是具体的工厂

通常在运行时刻再创建一个ConcreteFactory类的实例，这个具体的工厂再创建具体特定的产品，不同产品对象，客户端用不同的具体工厂

抽象工厂模式的优缺点

好处：

 1 易于交换产品，具体工厂类只需要在初始化时实例化一次，之后可改变具体工厂使用不同产品。

 2 具体的创建实例的过程与客户端分离，客户端通过它们的抽象接口操纵实例，产品的具体类名也被具体工厂实现分离

缺点：在增加功能时修改的类会比较多，如增加产品，至少会修改接口和若干实现类