Android11
内容提供者的概念
应用程序创建的数据库默认是私有的,别的应用程序不可以访问里面的数据.
如果有需求把自己应用程序私有的数据库暴露给别的用户增删改查,就需要使用内容提供者.
内容提供者的工作方式
内容提供者BankDBBackdoor
//写一个类继承ContentProvider,重写n个方法
public class BankDBBackdoor extends ContentProvider
//清单文件中配置
<!-- 注册内容提供者数据 -->
<provider
android:name="com.itheima.db.BankDBBackdoor"
android:authorities="com.xxx.db" >
</provider>
//添加数据
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
System.out.println("insert 添加数据");
}
内容解析者
MainActivity
// 得到内容提供者的解析器
public void insert(View view) {
ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.xxx.db/account");
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name", "zhangsan");
values.put("money", 10000);
// 通过内容解析器让内容提供者添加一条数据
resolver.insert(uri, values);
}
点击MainActivity中的增加insert,可以调用BankDBBackdoor中的insert
内容提供者的匹配规则
内容提供者
public static final int SUCCESS = 1;
/**
* 创建一个保安,检查uri的规则,如果uri匹配失败 返回-1
*/
static UriMatcher mUriMatcher = new UriMatcher(UriMatcher.NO_MATCH);
static {
mUriMatcher.addURI("com.itheima.db", "account", SUCCESS);
}
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
int code = mUriMatcher.match(uri);
if (code == SUCCESS) {
}else{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("口令 不正确,滚犊子");
}
return null;
}
内容解析者
public void insert(View view) {
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.xxx.db/account");
}
内容提供者的业务实现
内容提供者
@Override
public Uri insert(Uri uri, ContentValues values) {
int code = mUriMatcher.match(uri);
if (code == SUCCESS) {
System.out.println("insert 添加数据");
MyDBOpenHelper helper = new MyDBOpenHelper(getContext());
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
db.insert("account", null, values);
//利用内容提供者的解析器,通知内容观察者数据发生了变化
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
}else{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("口令 不正确,滚犊子");
}
return null;
}
@Override
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
int code = mUriMatcher.match(uri);
if (code == SUCCESS) {
System.out.println("delete 删除数据");
MyDBOpenHelper helper = new MyDBOpenHelper(getContext());
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
db.delete("account",selection , selectionArgs);
//利用内容提供者的解析器,通知内容观察者数据发生了变化
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
}else{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("口令 不正确,滚犊子");
}
return 0;
}
@Override
public int update(Uri uri, ContentValues values, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs) {
int code = mUriMatcher.match(uri);
if (code == SUCCESS) {
System.out.println("update 更新数据");
MyDBOpenHelper helper = new MyDBOpenHelper(getContext());
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getWritableDatabase();
db.update("account", values, selection, selectionArgs);
//利用内容提供者的解析器,通知内容观察者数据发生了变化
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
}else{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("口令 不正确,滚犊子");
}
return 0;
}
@Override
public Cursor query(Uri uri, String[] projection, String selection,
String[] selectionArgs, String sortOrder) {
int code = mUriMatcher.match(uri);
if (code == SUCCESS) {
System.out.println("query 查询数据");
MyDBOpenHelper helper = new MyDBOpenHelper(getContext());
SQLiteDatabase db = helper.getReadableDatabase();
return db.query("account", projection, selection, selectionArgs, null, null, sortOrder);
}else{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("口令 不正确,滚犊子");
}
}
内容解析者
public void insert(View view) {
// 得到内容提供者的解析器
ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.db/account");
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("name", "zhangsan");
values.put("money", 10000);
// 通过内容解析器让内容提供者添加一条数据
resolver.insert(uri, values);
}
public void delete(View view) {
ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.db/account");
resolver.delete(uri, "name=?", new String[]{"zhangsan"});
}
public void update(View view) {
ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.db/account");
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("money", 20000);
resolver.update(uri, values, "name=?", new String[]{"zhangsan"});
}
public void query(View view) {
ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.db/account");
Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[]{"name","money"}, null, null, null);
while(cursor.moveToNext()){
String name = cursor.getString(0);
float money = cursor.getFloat(1);
System.out.println("name:"+name+"----"+"money:"+money);
}
cursor.close();
}
学习内容提供者的目的
- 主要学习系统的短信,联系人内容提供者
利用内容提供者添加删除用户的短信数据
//需要找到系统短信providers提供者的清单文件
//TelephonyProvider
<provider android:name="SmsProvider"
android:authorities="sms"
android:multiprocess="true"
android:readPermission="android.permission.READ_SMS"
android:writePermission="android.permission.WRITE_SMS" />
//要主机名sms
//对数据的操作自己的com.android.providers.telephony下的
//database中的mmssms.db数据库的字段
//利用内容提供者添加短信
public void add(View view){
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://sms");//全部的短信
ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("address", "110");
values.put("date", System.currentTimeMillis());
values.put("type", 1);
values.put("body", "恭喜您被评为见义勇为好市民,敢于扶老太太");
resolver.insert(uri, values);
}
//利用内容提供者删除短信
public void delete(View view){
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://sms");//全部的短信
ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
resolver.delete(uri, "address=?", new String[]{"110"});
}
需要权限短信的读写
android:readPermission=”android.permission.READ_SMS”
android:writePermission=”android.permission.WRITE_SMS”
小知识点-通知栏的提醒
高版本安卓4.0以上
//当点击按钮的时候 界面上显示一个通知
public void click(View view){
NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);//系统服务
Notification notification = new Notification.Builder(this)
.setContentTitle("我是标题")
.setContentText("我是文本")
.setSmallIcon(R.drawable.ic_launcher)
.setLargeIcon(BitmapFactory.decodeResource(getResources(), R.drawable.ic_launcher))
.build();
//显示一个通知
nm.notify(0, notification);
}
低版本安卓4.0以下
//当点击按钮的时候 界面上显示一个通知
public void click(View view){
NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
Notification notification = new Notification(R.drawable.ic_launcher, "有新的消息到来了", System.currentTimeMillis());//过时的方法
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction(Intent.ACTION_CALL);
intent.setData(Uri.parse("tel://110"));
PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, intent, 0);//延时通信
//设置通知的点击事件
notification.setLatestEventInfo(this, "我是标题", "我是文本", contentIntent);
nm.notify(0, notification);
}
需要权限打电话
<!-- 拨打电话 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.CALL_PHONE" />
装B神器
public void click(View view) {
new Thread() {
public void run() {
SystemClock.sleep(10000);
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://sms");// 全部的短信
ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver();
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("address", "95533");
values.put("date", System.currentTimeMillis());
values.put("type", 1);
values.put("body",
"尊敬的张先生:您的账户收到转账汇款30,000,002.34, 活期余额 60,333,002.57");
resolver.insert(uri, values);
NotificationManager nm = (NotificationManager) getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
Notification notification = new Notification(
R.drawable.ic_launcher,
"尊敬的张先生:您的账户收到转账汇款30,000,002.34, 活期余额 60,333,002.57",
System.currentTimeMillis());
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.setAction("android.intent.action.MAIN");
intent.addCategory("android.intent.category.DEFAULT");
intent.setType("vnd.android.cursor.dir/mms");
PendingIntent contentIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(MainActivity.this,
0, intent, 0);
// 设置通知的点击事件
notification.setLatestEventInfo(MainActivity.this, "95533", "尊敬的张先生:您的账户收到转账汇款30,000,002.34, 活期余额 60,333,002.57",
contentIntent);
notification.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_SOUND;
nm.notify(0, notification);
};
}.start();
}
联系人数据库的表结构
raw_contact表:联系人的id表.
contact_id列保存联系人的id
data表:联系人的数据表.
raw_contact_id表示属于哪个联系人
data1 具体的数据
mimetype_id 数据的类型
mimetype表:联系人数据类型表
步骤
- 查询raw_contact表 获取联系人的contact_id
- 根据contact_id查询data表,获取联系人的数据
- 根据mimetype确定数据的类型
利用内容提供者读取联系人
代码
public void readContacts(View view){ ContentResolver resolver = getContentResolver(); //查询raw_contact表 Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts"); Uri datauri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/data"); Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[]{"contact_id"}, null, null, null); while(cursor.moveToNext()){ String id = cursor.getString(0); System.out.println("Id:"+id); //查询data表 Cursor datacursor = resolver.query(datauri, new String[]{"data1","mimetype"}, "raw_contact_id=?", new String[]{id}, null); while(datacursor.moveToNext()){ String data1 = datacursor.getString(0); System.out.println("data1:"+data1); String mimetype = datacursor.getString(1); System.out.println("mimetype:"+mimetype); } datacursor.close(); System.out.println("------------"); } cursor.close(); } }
*权限注意
<!-- 读取联系人的权限 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"/>
联系人内容提供者的工具类
public class ContactInfoUtils {
public static List<ContactInfo> getAllContactInfos(Context context) {
List<ContactInfo> infos = new ArrayList<ContactInfo>();
ContentResolver resolver = context.getContentResolver();
// 查询raw_contact表
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts");
Uri datauri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/data");
Cursor cursor = resolver.query(uri, new String[] { "contact_id" },
null, null, null);
while (cursor.moveToNext()) {
String id = cursor.getString(0);
System.out.println("Id:" + id);
if (id != null) {
ContactInfo info = new ContactInfo();
// 查询data表
Cursor datacursor = resolver.query(datauri, new String[] {
"data1", "mimetype" }, "raw_contact_id=?",
new String[] { id }, null);
while (datacursor.moveToNext()) {
String data1 = datacursor.getString(0);
String mimetype = datacursor.getString(1);
if ("vnd.android.cursor.item/name".equals(mimetype)) {
info.setName(data1);
} else if ("vnd.android.cursor.item/im".equals(mimetype)) {
info.setQq(data1);
} else if ("vnd.android.cursor.item/email_v2"
.equals(mimetype)) {
info.setEmail(data1);
} else if ("vnd.android.cursor.item/phone_v2"
.equals(mimetype)) {
info.setPhone(data1);
}
}
datacursor.close();
infos.add(info);
}
}
cursor.close();
return infos;
}
}
删除联系人的细节
删除数据,不是将数据直接删除,而是将数据的id设置为空.
对id的非空判断,数据同步服务器时,只用判断id是null.
String id = cursor.getString(0);
//避免空指针异常
if (id != null) {}
添加数据到联系人数据库
public void save(View view) {
String name = et_name.getText().toString().trim();
String phone = et_phone.getText().toString().trim();
String email = et_email.getText().toString().trim();
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/raw_contacts");
Uri datauri = Uri.parse("content://com.android.contacts/data");
Cursor cursor = getContentResolver().query(uri, new String[] { "_id" },
null, null, "_id desc");
cursor.moveToFirst();
int _id = cursor.getInt(0);
int newId = _id + 1;
ContentValues values = new ContentValues();
values.put("contact_id", newId);
getContentResolver().insert(uri, values);
// 在data表里面添加数据.
// 1.添加name
ContentValues nameValue = new ContentValues();
nameValue.put("raw_contact_id", newId);
nameValue.put("data1", name);
nameValue.put("mimetype", "vnd.android.cursor.item/name");
getContentResolver().insert(datauri, nameValue);
// 2.添加email
ContentValues emailValue = new ContentValues();
emailValue.put("raw_contact_id", newId);
emailValue.put("data1", email);
emailValue.put("mimetype", "vnd.android.cursor.item/email_v2");
getContentResolver().insert(datauri, emailValue);
// 3.添加phone
ContentValues phoneValue = new ContentValues();
phoneValue.put("raw_contact_id", newId);
phoneValue.put("data1", phone);
phoneValue.put("mimetype", "vnd.android.cursor.item/phone_v2");
getContentResolver().insert(datauri, phoneValue);
Toast.makeText(this, "添加数据成功", 0).show();
}
权限
<!-- 读取联系人 写入联系人 -->
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.READ_CONTACTS"/>
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_CONTACTS"/>
内容观察者
意思是在,银行中安排个双重间谍,即是行长的内容提供者,也是检证会的内容提供者,检证会知道行长操作了银行数据的增删改,查询不需要.
利用内容观察者观察短信数据库的变化
在内容提供者的增删改中添加
public int delete(Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
int code = mUriMatcher.match(uri);
if (code == SUCCESS) {
//利用内容提供者的解析器,通知内容观察者数据发生了变化
getContext().getContentResolver().notifyChange(uri, null);
}else{
throw new IllegalArgumentException("口令 不正确,滚犊子");
}
return 0;
}
----------------------------------------------------------
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
//注册内容观察者
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://com.itheima.db/account");
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(uri, true, new ContentObserver(new Handler()) {
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
System.out.println("我是观察者,我发现银行的数据库变化了.");
super.onChange(selfChange);
}
});
}
练习_利用内容提供者开发短信的备份和还原
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
private MyObserver observer;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Uri uri = Uri.parse("content://sms");
observer = new MyObserver(new Handler());
getContentResolver().registerContentObserver(uri, true, observer);
}
private class MyObserver extends ContentObserver{
public MyObserver(Handler handler) {
super(handler);
}
@Override
public void onChange(boolean selfChange) {
super.onChange(selfChange);
System.out.println("onchange");
}
}
}