Redis删除大Key

原文链接：https://www.dubby.cn/detail.html?id=9112

这里说的大key是指包含很多元素的set,sorted set,list和hash。

删除操作，我们一般想到有2种，del和expire。

DEL

Time complexity: O(N) where N is the number of keys that will be removed. When a key to remove holds a value other than a string, the individual complexity for this key is O(M) where M is the number of elements in the list, set, sorted set or hash. Removing a single key that holds a string value is O(1).

如果要删除的key是一个集合，包含了很多元素，那么DEL时的耗时和元素个数成正比，所以如果直接DEL，会很慢。

EXPIRE

Note that calling EXPIRE/PEXPIRE with a non-positive timeout or EXPIREAT/PEXPIREAT with a time in the past will result in the key being deleted rather than expired (accordingly, the emitted key event will be del, not expired).

想着expire会不会可以不是直接删除，可惜官网的描述让我心灰意冷，如果expire后指定的timeout不是正数，也就是<=0，那其实就是DEL。

一点一点删

我们知道Redis的工作线程是单线程的，如果一个command堵塞了，那所有请求都会超时，这时候，一些骚操作也许可以帮助你。

其实如果想删除key，可以分解成2个目的，1：不想让其他人访问到这个key，2：释放空间。

那其实我们可以分解成两步，先用RENAME把原先的key rename成另一个key，比如：

RENAME userInfo:123 "deleteKey:userInfo:123"

然后可以慢慢去删"deleteKey:userInfo:123"，如果是set，那么可以用SREM慢慢删，最后再用DEL彻底删掉。

这里可以搞个task去SCAN deleteKey:*，然后慢慢删除。

UNLINK

Redis 4.0.0提供了一个更加方便的命令

Available since 4.0.0.

Time complexity: O(1) for each key removed regardless of its size. Then the command does O(N) work in a different thread in order to reclaim memory, where N is the number of allocations the deleted objects where composed of.

UNLINK其实是直接返回，然后在后台线程慢慢删除。

如果你的Redis版本>=4.0.0，那么强烈建议使用UNLINK来删除。

删除耗时测试结果

单位：微秒

Set个数	DEL	EXPIRE	UNLINK
1	90	97	75
10	79	67	100
100	51	49	47
1000	303	296	49
10000	2773	2592	52
100000	31210	33157	51
1000000	549388	501536	62

package main

import (
	"github.com/go-redis/redis"
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

func main() {
	client := redis.NewClient(&redis.Options{
		Addr:         "localhost:6379",
		Password:     "",
		DB:           0,
		ReadTimeout:  1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24,
		WriteTimeout: 1000 * 1000 * 1000 * 60 * 60 * 24,
	})

	maxLength := int64(10000 * 100)

	for n := int64(1); n <= maxLength; n *= 10 {
		fmt.Println("Set个数", n)
		TestDelBigSet(client, n)
		TestExpireBigSet(client, n)
		TestUnlinkBigSet(client, n)
		fmt.Println()
	}
}

func TestDelBigSet(client *redis.Client, count int64) {
	redisKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", "del:", time.Now().Nanosecond())

	for n := int64(0); n < count; n++ {
		err := client.SAdd(redisKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", n)).Err()
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
	}

	startTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond()
	client.Del(redisKey)
	endTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond()

	fmt.Println("Del", endTime-startTime)
}

func TestUnlinkBigSet(client *redis.Client, count int64) {
	redisKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", "unlink:", time.Now().Nanosecond())

	for n := int64(0); n < count; n++ {
		err := client.SAdd(redisKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", n)).Err()
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
	}
	startTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond()
	client.Unlink(redisKey)
	endTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond()

	fmt.Println("Unlink", endTime-startTime)
}

func TestExpireBigSet(client *redis.Client, count int64) {
	redisKey := fmt.Sprintf("%s%d", "expire:", time.Now().Nanosecond())

	for n := int64(0); n < count; n++ {
		err := client.SAdd(redisKey, fmt.Sprintf("%d", n)).Err()
		if err != nil {
			panic(err)
		}
	}
	startTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond()
	client.Expire(redisKey, 0)
	endTime := CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond()

	fmt.Println("Expire", endTime-startTime)
}

func CurrentTimestampInMicroSecond() int64 {
	return time.Now().UnixNano() / 1000
}