Search for a Range
Given a sorted array of integers, find the starting and ending position of a given target value.
Your algorithm’s runtime complexity must be in the order of O(log n).
If the target is not found in the array, return [-1, -1].
For example,
Given [5, 7, 7, 8, 8, 10] and target value 8,
return [3, 4].
Solution1
- 分为两步:
- 按照正常的二分法找到一个target;
- 找到target之后,分两头去确定前端点和后端点。
- 代码如下:
public class Solution {
public int[] searchRange(int[] nums, int target) {
int[] result = {-1,-1};
help(nums,0,nums.length-1,target,result);
return result;
}
public void help(int[] nums, int start, int end, int target, int[] result){
if(start>end) return;
int mid = (start+end)/2;
if(nums[mid]>target) help(nums,start,mid-1,target,result);//正常的二分
else if(nums[mid]<target) help(nums,mid+1,end,target,result);
else{//特殊在处理相等的情况
if(mid==0||nums[mid-1]!=target) result[0] = mid;//已经找到了前端所在位置
else help(nums,start,mid-1,target,result);//这里还不是前端,继续去前面找
if(mid==nums.length-1||nums[mid+1]!=target) result[1] = mid;
else help(nums,mid+1,end,target,result);
}
}
}
Solution2
- 用迭代的方法稍微复杂些,主要原因在于这里要在某个点分两头去找,如果一直都只有一路二分搜索的话,迭代的方法非常简单,但是分两头必须得记录分叉口。可以如下实现:
public class Solution {
public int[] searchRange(int[] nums, int target) {
int[] result = {-1,-1};
int start = 0, end = nums.length-1, start2 = -1, end2 = -1;
while(start<=end){
int mid =(start+end)/2;
if(nums[mid]<target) start = mid+1;
else if(nums[mid]>target) end = mid-1;
else{
if(mid==nums.length-1||nums[mid+1]!=target) result[1] = mid;
else if(start2==-1){
start2 = mid+1;
end2 = end;
}
if(mid==0||nums[mid-1]!=nums[mid]){
result[0] = mid;
break;
}else end = mid-1;
}
}
if(start2==-1) return result;//数组中不存在target或者已经找到了前后端点
start = start2;
end = end2;
while(start<=end){
int mid =(start+end)/2;
if(nums[mid]<target) start = mid+1;
else if(nums[mid]>target) end = mid-1;
else{
if(mid==nums.length-1||nums[mid+1]!=nums[mid]){
result[1] = mid;
break;
}else start = mid+1;
}
}
return result;
}
}
Solution3
- 将解法2进行稍微修改,如下:
public class Solution {
public int[] searchRange(int[] nums, int target) {
int[] result = {-1,-1};
int start = 0, end = nums.length-1;
while(start<=end){
int mid =(start+end)/2;
if(nums[mid]<target) start = mid+1;
else if(nums[mid]>target) end = mid-1;
else{
if(mid==0||nums[mid-1]!=nums[mid]){
result[0] = mid;
break;
}else end = mid-1;
}
}
start = result[0];
if(start==-1) return result;
end = nums.length - 1;
while(start<=end){
int mid =(start+end)/2;
if(nums[mid]<target) start = mid+1;
else if(nums[mid]>target) end = mid-1;
else{
if(mid==nums.length-1||nums[mid+1]!=nums[mid]){
result[1] = mid;
break;
}else start = mid+1;
}
}
return result;
}
}