import urllib
url = 'http://cnblogs.com'
#代理服务器
proxies = {'http':'http://127.0.0.1:8087'}#这里的代理地址必须使用dictionary
#使用代理服务器打开
r = urllib.urlopen(url,proxies = proxies)
print r.info()#取响应header头所有信息
print r.getcode()#返回http状态码
print r.geturl()#返回请求的url
#打开本地文件
#"OS-specific conversion from a relative URL of the 'file' scheme\n to a file system path; not recommended for general use."
#>>> urllib.pathname2url.__doc__
#"OS-specific conversion from a file system path to a relative URL\n of the 'file' scheme; not recommended for general use."
#可以使用上面两个函数对url和本地路径进行转换
f = urllib.urlopen(url = 'file:/home/ma6174/a.sh')
print f.read()
#打开ftp
# f = urllib.urlopen(url = 'ftp://username:password@ftpaddress')
#保存网页并显示进度
def cbk(a, b, c):
'''
a: num
b: size
c: total
'''
per = 100.0*a*b/c
if per > 100:
per = 100
print '%.2f%%' % per
local = 'cnblogs.html'
urllib.urlretrieve(url,local,cbk)#将服务器文件取回本地保存为local
#get方法
params = urllib.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})
f = urllib.urlopen("http://www.musi-cal.com/cgi-bin/query?%s" % params)
print f.read()
#post方法
params = urllib.urlencode({'spam': 1, 'eggs': 2, 'bacon': 0})
f = urllib.urlopen("http://www.musi-cal.com/cgi-bin/query", params)
print f.read()
#编码解码
#>>> print urllib.quote.__doc__
#quote('abc def') -> 'abc%20def'
# Each part of a URL, e.g. the path info, the query, etc., has a
# different set of reserved characters that must be quoted.
# RFC 2396 Uniform Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax lists
# the following reserved characters.
# reserved = ";" | "/" | "?" | ":" | "@" | "&" | "=" | "+" |
# "$" | ","
# Each of these characters is reserved in some component of a URL,
# but not necessarily in all of them.
# By default, the quote function is intended for quoting the path
# section of a URL. Thus, it will not encode '/'. This character
# is reserved, but in typical usage the quote function is being
# called on a path where the existing slash characters are used as
# reserved characters.
data = 'name = ~a+3'
data1 = urllib.quote(data)
print data1 # result: name%20%3D%20%7Ea%2B3
print urllib.unquote(data1) # result: name = ~a+3
data2 = urllib.quote_plus(data)
print data2 # result: name+%3D+%7Ea%2B3
print urllib.unquote_plus(data2) # result: name = ~a+3
data3 = urllib.urlencode({ 'name': 'dark-bull', 'age': 200 })
print data3 # result: age=200&name=dark-bull
data4 = urllib.pathname2url(r'd:/a/b/c/23.php')
print data4 # result: ///D|/a/b/c/23.php
print urllib.url2pathname(data4) # result: D:/a/b/c/23.ph