hibernate的Component，即组件，表示2个类之间的关系，即其中1个类可以作为另一个类的组件来使用。
1.先来看下annotation中关于component的API
2.2.2.3. 嵌入式对象(又名组件)
在实体中可以定义一个嵌入式组件(embedded component), 甚至覆盖该实体中原有的列映射. 组件类必须在类一级定义@Embeddable注解. 在特定的实体的关联属性上使用@Embedded和@AttributeOverride注解可以覆盖该属性对应的嵌入式对象的列映射：
@Entity
public class Person implements Serializable {
// Persistent component using defaults
Address homeAddress;
@Embedded
@AttributeOverrides( {
@AttributeOverride(name="iso2", column = @Column(name="bornIso2") ),
@AttributeOverride(name="name", column = @Column(name="bornCountryName") )
} )
Country bornIn;
...
}
@Embeddable
public class Address implements Serializable {
String city;
Country nationality; //no overriding here
}
@Embeddable
public class Country implements Serializable {
private String iso2;
@Column(name="countryName") private String name;
public String getIso2() { return iso2; }
public void setIso2(String iso2) { this.iso2 = iso2; }
public String getName() { return name; }
public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; }
...
}
嵌入式对象继承其所属实体中定义的访问类型 (注意:这可以通过使用Hibernate提供的@AccessType注解来覆盖原有值)(请参考 Hibernate Annotation Extensions).
在上面的例子中,实体bean Person 有两个组件属性, 分别是homeAddress和bornIn. 我们可以看到homeAddress 属性并没有注解. 但是Hibernate自动检测其对应的Address类中的@Embeddable注解, 并将其看作一个持久化组件.对于Country中已映射的属性, 则使用@Embedded和@AttributeOverride 注解来覆盖原来映射的列名. 正如你所看到的, Address对象中还内嵌了Country对象, 这里和homeAddress一样使用了Hibernate和EJB3自动检测机制. 目前EJB3规范还不支持覆盖多层嵌套(即嵌入式对象中还包括其他嵌入式对象)的列映射. 不过Hibernate通过在表达式中使用"."符号表达式提供了对此特征的支持.
@Embedded
@AttributeOverrides( {
@AttributeOverride(name="city", column = @Column(name="fld_city") ),
@AttributeOverride(name="nationality.iso2", column = @Column(name="nat_Iso2") ),
@AttributeOverride(name="nationality.name", column = @Column(name="nat_CountryName") )
//nationality columns in homeAddress are overridden
} )
Address homeAddress;
Hibernate注解支持很多EJB3规范中没有明确定义的特性. 例如,可以在嵌入式对象上添加 @MappedSuperclass注解, 这样可以将其父类的属性持久(详情请查阅@MappedSuperclass).
Hibernate现在支持在嵌入式对象中使用关联注解(如@*ToOne和@*ToMany). 而EJB3规范尚不支持这样的用法。你可以使用 @AssociationOverride注解来覆写关联列.
在同一个实体中使用两个同类型的嵌入对象, 其默认列名是无效的:至少要对其中一个进行明确声明. Hibernate在这方面走在了EJB3规范的前面, Hibernate提供了NamingStrategy, 在使用Hibernate时, 通过NamingStrategy你可以对默认的机制进行扩展. DefaultComponentSafeNamingStrategy 在默认的EJB3NamingStrategy上进行了小小的提升, 允许在同一实体中使用两个同类型的嵌入对象而无须额外的声明.
2.再来看下xml中关于component的API
The notion of a component is re-used in several different contexts and purposes throughout Hibernate.
public class Person { private java.util.Date birthday; private Name name; private String key; public String getKey() { return key; } private void setKey(String key) { this.key=key; } public java.util.Date getBirthday() { return birthday; } public void setBirthday(java.util.Date birthday) { this.birthday = birthday; } public Name getName() { return name; } public void setName(Name name) { this.name = name; } ...... ...... }
public class Name { char initial; String first; String last; public String getFirst() { return first; } void setFirst(String first) { this.first = first; } public String getLast() { return last; } void setLast(String last) { this.last = last; } public char getInitial() { return initial; } void setInitial(char initial) { this.initial = initial; } }
Our Hibernate mapping would look like this:
<class name="eg.Person" table="person"> <id name="Key" column="pid" type="string"> <generator class="uuid"/> </id> <property name="birthday" type="date"/> <component name="Name" class="eg.Name"> <!-- class attribute optional --> <property name="initial"/> <property name="first"/> <property name="last"/> </component> </class>
人员(Person)表中将包括pid, birthday, initial, first和 last等字段。
<component> 元素还允许有 <parent>子元素，用来表明component类中的一个属性是指向包含它的实体的引用。
<class name="eg.Person" table="person"> <id name="Key" column="pid" type="string"> <generator class="uuid"/> </id> <property name="birthday" type="date"/> <component name="Name" class="eg.Name" unique="true"> <parent name="namedPerson"/> <!-- reference back to the Person --> <property name="initial"/> <property name="first"/> <property name="last"/> </component> </class>
<set name="someNames" table="some_names" lazy="true"> <key column="id"/> <composite-element class="eg.Name"> <!-- class attribute required --> <property name="initial"/> <property name="first"/> <property name="last"/> </composite-element> </set>
<class name="eg.Order" .... > .... <set name="purchasedItems" table="purchase_items" lazy="true"> <key column="order_id"> <composite-element class="eg.Purchase"> <property name="purchaseDate"/> <property name="price"/> <property name="quantity"/> <many-to-one name="item" class="eg.Item"/> <!-- class attribute is optional --> </composite-element> </set> </class>
<class name="eg.Order" .... > .... <set name="purchasedItems" table="purchase_items" lazy="true"> <key column="order_id"> <composite-element class="eg.OrderLine"> <many-to-one name="purchaseDetails class="eg.Purchase"/> <many-to-one name="item" class="eg.Item"/> </composite-element> </set> </class>
Composite elements can appear in queries using the same syntax as associations to other entities.
<class name="OrderLine"> <composite-id name="id" class="OrderLineId"> <key-property name="lineId"/> <key-property name="orderId"/> <key-property name="customerId"/> </composite-id> <property name="name"/> <many-to-one name="order" class="Order" insert="false" update="false"> <column name="orderId"/> <column name="customerId"/> </many-to-one> .... </class>
<many-to-one name="orderLine" class="OrderLine"> <!-- the "class" attribute is optional, as usual --> <column name="lineId"/> <column name="orderId"/> <column name="customerId"/> </many-to-one>
<set name="undeliveredOrderLines"> <key column name="warehouseId"/> <many-to-many class="OrderLine"> <column name="lineId"/> <column name="orderId"/> <column name="customerId"/> </many-to-many> </set>
<set name="orderLines" inverse="true"> <key> <column name="orderId"/> <column name="customerId"/> </key> <one-to-many class="OrderLine"/> </set>
The <one-to-many> element declares no columns.
<class name="OrderLine"> .... .... <list name="deliveryAttempts"> <key> <!-- a collection inherits the composite key type --> <column name="lineId"/> <column name="orderId"/> <column name="customerId"/> </key> <list-index column="attemptId" base="1"/> <composite-element class="DeliveryAttempt"> ... </composite-element> </set> </class>
You can also map a property of type Map:
<dynamic-component name="userAttributes"> <property name="foo" column="FOO" type="string"/> <property name="bar" column="BAR" type="integer"/> <many-to-one name="baz" class="Baz" column="BAZ_ID"/> </dynamic-component>
3.component的annotation的实例
仍然使用之前的Husband和Wife，其中Wife作为Husband的component，Wife不适用注解，在Husband中引用Wife，并在getWife上使用@Embedded
Wife
package com.baosight.model;
public class Wife {
private String wifeId;
private String WifeName;
private String age;
public String getWifeId() {
return wifeId;
}
public void setWifeId(String id) {
this.wifeId = id;
}
public String getWifeName() {
return WifeName;
}
public void setWifeName(String name) {
this.WifeName = name;
}
public String getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(String age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
package com.baosight.model;
import javax.persistence.Embedded;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;
@Entity
public class Husband {
private String id;
private String name;
private Wife wife;
@Id
@GeneratedValue//auto
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
@Embedded
public Wife getWife() {
return wife;
}
public void setWife(Wife wife) {
this.wife = wife;
}
}
<mapping class="com.baosight.model.Husband"/>
package com.baosight.model;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration;
import org.hibernate.cfg.Configuration;
import org.hibernate.tool.hbm2ddl.SchemaExport;
import org.junit.AfterClass;
import org.junit.BeforeClass;
import org.junit.Test;
public class OrMappingTest {
private static SessionFactory sf = null;
@BeforeClass
public static void beforeClass(){
// 读取配置文件
Configuration cfg = new AnnotationConfiguration();
// 得到session工厂
sf = cfg.configure().buildSessionFactory();
}
@Test
public void testSchemaExport() {
new SchemaExport(new AnnotationConfiguration().configure()).create(false, true);
}
@AfterClass
public static void afterClass(){
// 关闭session工厂
sf.close();
}
}
4.component的xml的实例
仍然使用之前的Student和StudentCard，其中StudentCard作为Student的component，StudentCard不需要xml配置文件，在Student中引用StudentCard，并在Student.hbm.xml使用
<component name="card">
<property name="cardId"></property>
<property name="num"></property>
</component>
StudentCard
package com.baosight.model;
public class StudentCard {
private String cardId;
private String num;
public String getCardId() {
return cardId;
}
public void setCardId(String id) {
this.cardId = id;
}
public String getNum() {
return num;
}
public void setNum(String num) {
this.num = num;
}
}
package com.baosight.model;
public class Student {
private String id;
private String name;
private int age;
private StudentCard card;
// private StudentPK pk;
public String getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(String id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
/* public StudentPK getPk() {
return pk;
}
public void setPk(StudentPK pk) {
this.pk = pk;
}*/
public StudentCard getCard() {
return card;
}
public void setCard(StudentCard card) {
this.card = card;
}
}
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-mapping PUBLIC
"-//Hibernate/Hibernate Mapping DTD 3.0//EN"
"http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-mapping-3.0.dtd">
<hibernate-mapping package="com.baosight.model">
<class name="Student" dynamic-update="true">
<id name="id" >
<generator class="native"></generator>
</id>
<!-- <property name="name"></property> -->
<property name="age"></property>
<component name="card">
<property name="cardId"></property>
<property name="num"></property>
</component>
</class>
</hibernate-mapping>
<mapping resource="com/baosight/model/Student.hbm.xml"/>仍然使用3中的JUnit测试，测试结果见3中。
以上即为hibernate的component的基本用法，需要在实际地使用中仔细体会。
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