JavaScript实现用户行为跟踪收集

收集用户隐私的行径眼下已不再是什么新鲜的话题（与其说是收集，不如说是偷窥），就连G、MS也屡出风头，当然事出有因，企业通过无法八门的各种手段了解用户的行为，进而作为决策支持的依据；通常表现为跨领域的收集（浏览器、智能系统、OS etc.）、业务、产品数据的收集，当然收集的方式也不一而论。以下展示通过客户端脚本方式收集Web站点用户行为数据的实现方式，以此来判断页面加载过程、执行时间、用户停留时间、页面提交率、成功率、页面错误等（本示例实现较为简单，在特定复杂的业务数据收集时，可适当重构与改造）。

1、收集基础数据

基础数据涵盖

（1）  业务类：业务流页面地址、用户停留时间、打开次数、

会话ID、客户端IP、业务流步骤等

（2）  辅助类：浏览器、OS、COOKIE等

（3）  示例 

/* 
    记录构造基础数据 
*/  
var Logger = {  
    Debug: false,  
    UserControl: 'inputUser',  
    HistoryControl: 'inputHistory',  
    TimerControl: 'inputTimer',  
    GetUser: function() {  
        if (!$f(this.UserControl)) return ",,";  
        return $f(this.UserControl).value;  
    },  
    /*-- attribute --*/  
    Guid: function() {  
        return this.GetUser().split(',')[0];  
    },  
    SessionID: function() {  
        return this.GetUser().split(',')[1];  
    },  
    GetStep: function() {  
        return this.GetUser().split(',')[2];  
    },  
    ProcessTime: function() {  
        if (!$f(this.TimerControl)) return "0";  
        return $f(this.TimerControl).value;  
    },  
    AppSys: 1, //不同系统编号  
    Environment: '', //Environment.Dev:开发Dev、测试Test、正式Official  
    IsNewSite: 1,  
    //是否历史返回  
    IsHistory: function() {  
        if (!$f(this.HistoryControl)) return false;  
        if ($f(this.HistoryControl).value.length > 0)  
            return true;  
        //if (this.IsSuccReturn()) return true; //成功返回 非历史  
        return false;  
    },  
    IsStep2History: function() { //是否为第2步返回历史  
        if (!$f(this.HistoryControl)) return false;  
        var history = $f(this.HistoryControl).value;  
        if (history.length == 0)  
            return false;  
        if (history.split(',').length > 1)  
            return true;  
        return false;  
    },  
    //是否为页面reload返回  
    IsReturn: function() {  
        if (typeof getUrlParam != "function") return false;  
        var para = getUrlParam("return");  
        if (para == "1") return true;  
        return false;  
    },  
    //是否成功返回  
    IsSuccReturn: function() {  
        var para = getUrlParam("succret");  
        if (para == "1") return true;  
        return false;  
    },  
    //tracetype,guid,sessionid,processtime,description  
    WriteStepLog: function() {  
        var argc = arguments.length;  
        var traceType = (argc > 0) ? arguments[0] : "";  
        var guid = (argc > 1) ? arguments[1] : "";  
        var sessionID = (argc > 2) ? arguments[2] : "";  
        var processTime = (argc > 3) ? (arguments[3] == "" ? "0" : arguments[3]) : "0";  
        var description = (argc > 4) ? arguments[4] : "";  
        var url = (argc > 5) ? arguments[5] : "";  
        /*with (Trace.Parameter) 
        { 
        TraceType = traceType; 
        Guid = guid; 
        SessionID = sessionID; 
        PageUrl = window.location.href; 
        ProcessTime = processTime; 
        //set const value 
        AppSys = 1; 
        Environment = Environment.Dev; //Offical 
        IsNewSite = 1; 
        Description = description; 
        }*/  
        Trace.Parameter.TraceType = traceType;  
        Trace.Parameter.Guid = guid;  
        Trace.Parameter.SessionID = sessionID;  
        if (url.length == 0) {  
            url = window.location.href;  
            //alert("self:" + window.location.href + ",refer:" + self.document.referrer);  
            if (url.toLowerCase().indexOf('errorpage.aspx') > -1 && traceType.indexOf('ret') == -1) {  
                if (document.referrer != null && document.referrer != "") url = document.referrer;  
            }  
        }  
        Trace.Parameter.PageUrl = url;  
        Trace.Parameter.ProcessTime = processTime;  
        Trace.Parameter.AppSys = this.AppSys;  
        if (this.Environment.length == 0) this.Environment = Environment.Official;  
        var curUrl = window.location.href.toLowerCase();  
        if (curUrl.indexOf('https://') > -1) {  
            this.Environment = this.Environment.replace('http://', 'https://');  
        }  
        Trace.Parameter.Environment = this.Environment;  
        Trace.Parameter.IsNewSite = this.IsNewSite;  
        Trace.Parameter.Description = escape(description);  
        if (this.Debug) {  
            alert(Trace.Parameter.TraceType + "," + Trace.Parameter.Guid + "," + Trace.Parameter.SessionID + ","  
            + Trace.Parameter.ProcessTime + "," + Trace.Parameter.Description);  
        }  
        Trace.Submit(Trace.Parameter, null, 'img');  
    },  
    WriteOpenLog: function() {  
        try {  
            var argc = arguments.length;  
            var step = (argc > 0) ? arguments[0] : "";  
            var desc = (argc > 1) ? arguments[1] : "";  
            if (typeof PTID != "undefined" && PTID.length > 0) {  
                desc += ",PTID:" + PTID;  
            }  
            var loginstep = this.GetStep();  
            /*if (this.IsSuccReturn()) { //成功返回 
            Logger.WriteStepLog(Step.succret, this.Guid(), this.SessionID(), this.ProcessTime(), desc); 
            this.SetTimer(); 
            }*/  
            if (step == "step1" && !this.IsHistory() && typeof loginstep != "undefined" && loginstep.length > 0) { //登录返回(第一步发生)  
                Logger.WriteStepLog(loginstep, this.Guid(), this.SessionID(), this.ProcessTime(), desc);  
            }  
            else if (step == "step1" && !this.IsHistory() && !this.IsReturn()) //not history back,not page reload  
            {  
                Logger.WriteStepLog(step, this.Guid(), this.SessionID(), this.ProcessTime(), desc);  
            }  
            else if ((step == "step2" && !this.IsStep2History()) || step == "step3") { //第2步、第3步  
                Logger.WriteStepLog(step, this.Guid(), this.SessionID(), this.ProcessTime(), desc);  
                this.SetTimer();  
            }  
            else if (step == "password" || step == "mobile" || step == "cancelbind") { //一点充没有历史返回等属性  
                Logger.WriteStepLog(step, this.Guid(), this.SessionID(), this.ProcessTime(), desc);  
                this.SetTimer();  
            }  
            else if (this.IsHistory() || this.IsStep2History() || this.IsReturn()) { //历史返回  
                Logger.WriteStepLog(step + "ret", this.Guid(), this.SessionID(), "0", desc);  
                this.SetTimer();  
            }  
            else {  
                Logger.WriteStepLog(step, this.Guid(), this.SessionID(), "0", desc);  
            }  
        }  
        catch (e) {  
  
        }  
    },  
    WriteSubmitLog: function() {  
        try {  
            var argc = arguments.length;  
            var step = (argc > 0) ? arguments[0] : "";  
            var desc = (argc > 1) ? arguments[1] : "";  
            var url = (argc > 2) ? arguments[2] : "";  
            if (typeof PTID != "undefined" && PTID.length > 0) {  
                desc += ",PTID:" + PTID;  
            }  
            Logger.WriteStepLog(step, this.Guid(), this.SessionID(), this.ProcessTime(), desc, url);  
            $f(this.HistoryControl).value = "1";  
            //set step2  
            if (step == "step2submit") {  
                $f(this.HistoryControl).value = "1,1";  
            }  
            this.SetTimer();  
        }  
        catch (e) {  
        }  
    },  
    SetTimer: function() { //reset timer  
        if (Timer && typeof Timer != "undefined") {  
            Timer.Reset();  
        }  
    },  
    DirectOpenLog: function() {  
        try {  
            var argc = arguments.length;  
            var step = (argc > 0) ? arguments[0] : "";  
            var desc = (argc > 1) ? arguments[1] : "";  
            if (typeof PTID != "undefined" && PTID.length > 0) {  
                desc += ",PTID:" + PTID;  
            }  
            this.AppSys = 2;  
            Logger.WriteStepLog(step, this.Guid(), this.SessionID(), this.ProcessTime(), desc);  
            if (step != Step.step1) {  
                this.SetTimer();  
            }  
        }  
        catch (e) {  
        }  
    }  
};  
var $f = function(name) {  
    return document.getElementById(name);  
}  
//记录客户端脚本错误  
window.onerror = function GetErrors(error) {  
    try {  
        var msg;  
        for (var i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++) {  
            if (i == 0 || i == 2) {  
                msg += " | " + arguments[i];  
            }  
        }  
        if (msg.length > 0 && typeof Logger != 'undefined') {  
            Logger.WriteStepLog('syserror', '-', '-', '', msg);  
        }  
        window.onerror = null;  
        return true;  
    } catch (e) { };  
} 

2、时间统计

通过在页面放置计时器，计算当前视图下用户的停留时间。

示例：

/*--------Timer Script------------- 
*  
* 页面计时器控件 
* 1、Timer.BindControl = 'inputTimer'; 
* 2、<input id="inputTimer" type="hidden" class="timer" /> 
* 不写Cookie、不显示定时器时,采用(EndTime - StratTime)即可 
*/  
var up, down;  
var cmin1, csec1, clock;  
var Timer = {  
    Debug: false,  
    BindControl: 'inputTimer',  
    StartTime: '',  
    EndTime: '',  
    StartTimer: function() {  
        if (!$f(this.BindControl)) return;  
        if ($f(this.BindControl).value != "") return;  
        //$("#" + this.BindControl).val("");  
        cmin1 = 0;  
        csec1 = 0;  
        //每个页面单独记录,不需要采用Cookie,屏蔽  
        //        var cookie = GetCookie("Timer");  
        //        if (cookie) {  
        //            cmin1 = parseInt(this.Minutes(cookie));  
        //            csec1 = parseInt(this.Seconds(cookie));  
        //            DeleteCookie("Timer");  
        //        }  
        //        else {  
        //            cmin1 = csec1 = 0;  
        //        }  
        this.Repeat();  
    },  
    SetValue: function() {  
        var html = $f(this.BindControl).value;  
        if (html != null && html.length > 0) SetCookie("Timer", html);  
    },  
    Minutes: function(data) {  
        for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) if (data.substring(i, i + 1) == ":") break;  
        return (data.substring(0, i));  
    },  
    Seconds: function(data) {  
        for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) if (data.substring(i, i + 1) == ":") break;  
        return (data.substring(i + 1, data.length));  
    },  
    Display: function(min, sec) {  
        var disp = "";  
        if (min <= 9) disp += "0" + min + ":";  
        else disp += min + ":";  
        if (sec <= 9) disp += "0" + sec;  
        else disp += sec;  
        return (disp);  
    },  
    Repeat: function() {  
        csec1++;  
        if (csec1 == 60) { csec1 = 0; cmin1++; }  
        $f(this.BindControl).value = this.Display(cmin1, csec1);  
        if (this.Debug) $f("inputDebug").value = this.Display(cmin1, csec1);  
        clock = window.setTimeout(function() { Timer.Repeat() }, 1000);  
    },  
    //重新开始计时  
    Reset: function() {  
        $f(this.BindControl).value = "";  
        window.clearTimeout(clock);  
        Timer.StartTimer();  
    },  
    AddTrigger: function() {  
        var list = document.getElementsByTagName("INPUT");  
        for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {  
            if (list[i].type.toUpperCase() == 'TEXT') {  
                if (list[i].addEventListener) {  
                    list[i].addEventListener("keyup", function() { Timer.StartTimer(); }, false);  
                }  
                else {  
                    list[i].attachEvent("onkeyup", function() { Timer.StartTimer(); });  
                }  
            }  
        }  
    }  
};  
if (document.all) {  
    window.attachEvent("onload", function() { Timer.AddTrigger() });  
}  
else {  
    window.addEventListener("load", function() { Timer.AddTrigger() }, false);  
}  
if (Timer.Debug) {  
    if (!document.getElementById("inputDebug")) {  
        document.write("<input type='text' id='inputDebug' />");  
    }  
}  
/* 兼容两种模式设定Cookie */  
//$(window).unload(function() { Timer.SetValue(); });  
//$("form").submit(function() { Timer.SetValue(); });  

1.  

3、异步记录

将收集到的数据通过GET、POST异步的方式发送到目标服务器

示例： 

/*--------Trace Script-------------*/  
var Step =  
{  
    /* step */  
    step1: "step1", //第一步打开,不含历史返回、成功返回  
    step2: "step2",  
    step3: "step3",  
    /* post */  
    step1submit: "step1submit", //第一步提交  
    step2submit: "step2submit",  
    step3submit: "step3submit",  
    step3resubmit: "step3resubmit", //第三步重新提交  
    /* success */  
    success:"success", //操作成功  
    succret: "succret", //成功返回  
    step1ret: "step1ret", //返回第一步  
    step2ret: "step2ret",  
    step3ret: "step3ret",  
    /* error */  
    error:"error", //操作失败  
    errstep1: "errstep1", //第一步出错 错误页面记录  
    errstep2: "errstep2",  
    errstep3: "errstep3",  
    errstep1ret: "errstep1ret", //出错页返回到第一步  
    errstep2ret: "errstep2ret",  
    errstep3ret: "errstep3ret",  
    /* login */  
    loginb1: "loginb1", //银行卡登录返回  
    loginc1: "loginc1", //实物卡登录返回  
    loginbind: "loginbind", //一点充登录返回  
    step1login: "step1login", //第一步登录界面  
    /* other */  
    bind: "bind", //用户绑定一点充  
    mobile: "mobile", //修改手机号  
    password: "password", //修改密码  
    cancelbind: "cancelbind", //取消服务  
    Login: "Login", //用户登录日志  
    querydeposit: "querydeposit", //充值记录  
    querycardbalance: "querycardbalance", //实物卡余额  
    clickkf: "clickkf", //点击在线客服  
    closekf: "closekf", //关闭在线客服  
    clickaccount1: "clickaccount1", //点击新增常用账号  
    clickaccount2: "clickaccount2" //点击新增确定按钮  
};  
var Environment = { Dev: "http://dev.xxx.com", Test: "http://test.xxx.com", Official: "http://www.xxx.com" }  
var Trace = {  
    AutoSubmit: false, //是否在提交表单时自动处理  
    Parameter: {  
        TraceType: '', //TraceType.open  
        Guid: '0',  
        SessionID: '',  
        PageUrl: '',  
        Description: '',  
        ProcessTime: '',  
        IsNewSite: false,  
        AppSys: 1,  
        ClientIP: '',  
        Environment: Environment.Official,  
        Extend: {}  
    },  
    MyAjax: function() {  
        this.xml = false;  
        this.GetXmlHttp = function() {  
            if (!this.xml && typeof XMLHttpRequest != 'undefined') {  
                this.xml = new XMLHttpRequest();  
            }  
            else {  
                var MSXML = ['MSXML2.XMLHTTP.5.0', 'MSXML2.XMLHTTP.4.0', 'MSXML2.XMLHTTP.3.0', 'MSXML2.XMLHTTP', 'Microsoft.XMLHTTP'];  
                for (var i = 0; i < MSXML.length; i++) {  
                    try {  
                        this.xml = new ActiveXObject(MSXML[i]);  
                        break;  
                    }  
                    catch (e) {//alert(e.message);  
                    }  
                }  
            }  
        }  
        this.GetXmlHttp();  
        var xmlHttp = this.xml;  
        var ajax = this;  
        var callBack = null;  
        this.updatePage = function() {  
            if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {  
                var response = xmlHttp.responseText;  
                if (callBack != null && typeof callBack == "function") {  
                    callBack(response);  
                }  
            }  
        }  
        this.toQueryString = function(json) {  
            var query = "";  
            if (json != null) {  
                for (var param in json) {  
                    query += param + "=" + escape(json[param]) + "&"  
                }  
            }  
            return query;  
        }  
        //提交参数,回调函数, post、get方法  
        this.invoke = function(params, pageCallBack, method) {  
            if (xmlHttp) {  
                var query = "";  
                query += this.toQueryString(params);  
                query = query.substring(0, query.length - 1);  
                //var thisReg = new RegExp(/'|"/gi);  
                //query = query.replace(thisReg, "");  
                callBack = pageCallBack;  
                if (method != null && method.toUpperCase() == "GET") {  
                    var url = params.Environment + "/Trace.aspx?" + query;  
                    xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = ajax.updatePage;  
                    xmlHttp.open("GET", url, true);  
                    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("TraceAjax-Ver", "ver1.0");  
                    xmlHttp.send(null);  
                }  
                else if (method != null && method.toUpperCase() == "POST") {  
                    var url = params.Environment + "/Trace.aspx";  
                    //  xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Length",query);   
                    xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = ajax.updatePage; //new CallClient(this);  
                    xmlHttp.open("POST", url, true);  
                    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");  
                    xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("TraceAjax-Ver", "ver1.0");  
                    xmlHttp.send(query);  
                }  
                else { //跨域  
                    Trace.CreateTraceImg();  
                    document.getElementById("traceImg").src = params.Environment + "/Trace.aspx?a=" + Math.random(1000000000) + "&" + query;  
                }  
            }  
        }  
    },  
    CreateTraceImg: function() {  
        if (!document.getElementById("traceImg")) {  
            document.write("<img id=\"traceImg\" style='display:none' />");  
            //            var imgNode = document.createElement("img")  
            //            imgNode.setAttribute("id", "traceImg")  
            //            imgNode.style.display = "none";  
            //            document.body.appendChild(imgNode);  
        }  
    },  
    Submit: function(params, pageCallBack, method) {  
        try {  
            var ajax = new Trace.MyAjax();  
            //校验step是否正确  
            //        for (var i = 0; i < Step.length; i++) {  
            //            if (params.TraceType == Step[i]) {  
            //                alert(Step[i]);  
            //            }  
            //        }  
            ajax.invoke(params, pageCallBack, method);  
        }  
        catch (e) {  
        }  
    }  
};  
Trace.CreateTraceImg();

4、后端数据分析

结合前台收集的用户数据，后台初步可以完成，每一个页面的打开次数、占用时长，提交率、以及后台业务流的成功率等，通过报表形式展示数据分析界面，这样就可以监控用户行为异常、监控系统波动以及影响区域。

5、扩展

通过记录来源地址，可以更详尽的分析用户行为的流程。

通过追加页面元素的点击情况，从而计算点击率。

 

虽然服务器端也可以做到这些过程，但需求在不同的过程中插入众多的日志记录，进而POST到服务器端，过于繁冗！

另外跟踪服务器可对来源的数据请求验证其合法性，以及是否授权。

*注意：在Tracer的过程中，如遇采用系统方法如：绑定事件window.onload，需要注意不用覆盖了方法，避免与应用的页面冲突，可以通过来添加事件监听,eg:

 

[javascript] view plaincopy

AddTrigger: function() {  
    var list = document.getElementsByTagName("INPUT");  
    for (var i = 0; i < list.length; i++) {  
        if (list[i].type.toUpperCase() == 'TEXT') {  
            if (list[i].addEventListener) {  
                list[i].addEventListener("keyup", function() { Timer.StartTimer(); }, false);  
            }  
            else {  
                list[i].attachEvent("onkeyup", function() { Timer.StartTimer(); });  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}  

6、关于脚本压缩

推荐采用JSA压缩工具，原因：稳定、可靠、压缩质量有保证

不过需要大家安装一下Java RUNTIME