1.概述
广播接收者(BroadcastReceiver)用于接收广播,在Android系统中,广播应用非常常见。例如当开机完成后系统会产生一条action为android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED的广播,可达到开机启动的目的;当手机接收到一条短信,系统会产生一条action为android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED的广播,接收到这条广播就对短信进行处理 等等。
动态广播接收器比静态广播接收器要接受的早,可以尝试在AndroidManifest.xml静态和java代码动态注册广播接收者~~降低被杀死的概率
2.简单实现广播接收者
- //1.继承BroadcastReceiver,覆写onReceive方法,intent包含广播对象信息
- public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- /*
- * 简要动作,一般不超过10秒
- * ...To Do..
- */
- }
- }
- <!-- 2.在项目清单文件完接收者成配置 -->
- <!-- 系统发送一个广播,action为下面指定内容后,匹配该receiver -->
- <receiver android:name=".SmsReceiver" >
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
3.广播类型
(1).普通广播
- //发送一个广播,所以监听该广播的广播接收者都可以监听到改广播
- public void click(View view){
- Intent intent = new Intent(this, SmsReceiver.class);
- sendBroadcast(intent);
- }
(2).异步广播
- /*
- * 在onCreate()使用registerReceiver(BroadcastReceiver, IntentFilter)注册,但要注意在onDestroy()要解除注册
- */
- // 1.在onCreate注册receiver
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
- filter.addAction("baidu.myreceiver");
- registerReceiver(receiver, filter);
- }
- // 2.在onDestroy要解除注册receiver
- @Override
- protected void onDestroy() {
- unregisterReceiver(receiver);
- super.onDestroy();
- }
(3).有序广播
有序广播可以终止,无序的广播不可以终止!
- /*
- * 按照接收者的优先级顺序接收广播,取值范围为1000到-1000,值越大,优先级越高,安卓系统关键接收者默认为0,
- * 优先级可以在xml文件的intent-filter标签中的 priority 中声明。
- */
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- public void click(View view){
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- intent.setAction("com.baidu.smsreceiver");
- //1.1.发送一个有序广播
- sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, receiverPermission);
- //1.2.发送一条有序广播,为该广播添加一些属性,resultReceiver为最终执行的接收者,即使abortBroadcast();也要执行
- sendOrderedBroadcast(intent, receiverPermission, resultReceiver, scheduler, initialCode, initialData, initialExtras)
- }
- }
- public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- Object[] objs = (Object[]) intent.getExtras().get("pdus");
- for(Object obj: objs){
- SmsMessage smsMessage = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])obj);
- String content = smsMessage.getMessageBody();
- String number = smsMessage.getOriginatingAddress();
- }
- abortBroadcast();//终止向下一个接收者传递
- }
- }
4.注册广播
(1).静态注册
- <!-- 在项目清单文件中注册 -->
- <receiver android:name=".SmsReceiver" >
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
(2).动态注册
使用动态注册的生命周期与应用相关,而静态注册则周期更长,即使应用没有被启动,在监听到需要接收的广播时,也可以接收!查看上面的一步广播,注意:注册之后,在当前activity销毁时在onDestroy()中解除注册
5.自定义permission
- // 1.sendBroadcast一个广播并接收一个使用权限
- public class MainActivity extends Activity {
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
- }
- public void click(View view){
- Toast.makeText(this, "Ok~!!~", 1).show();
- Intent intent = new Intent();
- intent.setAction("com.baidu.smsreceiver");
- sendBroadcast(intent, "baidu.permission"); //为该广播添加一个权限,但需要在该项目的项目清单文件中定义及添加权限
- }
- }
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- package="com.baidu.smstest"
- android:versionCode="1"
- android:versionName="1.0" >
- <uses-sdk
- android:minSdkVersion="8"
- android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
- <!-- 2.在本应用中定义一个permission -->
- <!-- 出示该permission -->
- <permission android:name="baidu.permission" android:protectionLevel="dangerous"/>
- <!-- 使用该permission -->
- <uses-permission android:name="baidu.permission"/>
- <application
- android:allowBackup="true"
- android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
- android:label="@string/app_name"
- android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
- </application>
- </manifest>
- // 3.接收者继承BroadcastReceiver,覆写onReceive方法
- public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- // ...
- }
- }
- <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
- <manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
- package="com.example.testreceiver"
- android:versionCode="1"
- android:versionName="1.0" >
- <uses-sdk
- android:minSdkVersion="8"
- android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
- <!-- 4.接收者项目清单文件定义以出示该权限 -->
- <permission android:name="baidu.permission" android:protectionLevel="dangerous"/>
- <uses-permission android:name="baidu.permission"/>
- <application
- android:allowBackup="true"
- android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
- android:label="@string/app_name"
- android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
- <!-- permission属性和指定级别 -->
- <receiver android:name=".TextReceiver" android:permission="baidu.permission">
- <intent-filter android:priority="800">
- <action android:name="com.baidu.smsreceiver"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
- </application>
- </manifest>
6.应用
(1).短信窃听器
- /*
- * 1.继承BroadcastReceiver,覆写onReceive方法
- */
- public class SmsReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- // 1.1接收到短信信息,get("pdus"),可能包含多条短信信息,故用数组表示
- Object[] objs = (Object[]) intent.getExtras().get("pdus");
- for(Object obj: objs){
- // 1.2转换为每条短信的byte[] 得到smsMessage对象
- SmsMessage smsMessage = SmsMessage.createFromPdu((byte[])obj);
- // 1.3对短信操作,获得关键数据
- String content = smsMessage.getMessageBody(); //短信内容
- String number = smsMessage.getOriginatingAddress(); //短信号码
- if("110".equals(number)){
- abortBroadcast(); //终止广播向下传递
- SmsManager manager = SmsManager.getDefault(); //得到Sms短信管理器
- //转发一条短信,需要声明权限
- manager.sendTextMessage("5556", null, "Kill", null, null);
- }
- System.out.println("content="+content);
- System.out.println("number="+number);
- }
- Toast.makeText(context, "OK!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- }
- <!-- 2.在项目清单文件中配置接收者, 及出示可能需要的权限 -->
- <!-- 接收短信权限 -->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_SMS"/>
- <!-- 发送短信权限 -->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.SEND_SMS"/>
- <application
- android:allowBackup="true"
- android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
- android:label="@string/app_name"
- android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
- <!-- 广播接收者声明 -->
- <receiver android:name=".SmsReceiver" >
- <intent-filter>
- <action android:name="android.provider.Telephony.SMS_RECEIVED"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
- </application>
(2).电话拨打器
- public class TextReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver {
- @Override
- public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
- //得到拨打电话号码
- String number = getResultData();
- //处理拨打的电话号码
- setResultData("010"+number);
- System.out.println(number);
- }
- }
- <!-- 出示处理外来电话的权限 -->
- <uses-permission android:name="android.permission.PROCESS_OUTGOING_CALLS"/>
- <application
- android:allowBackup="true"
- android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
- android:label="@string/app_name"
- android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
- <receiver android:name=".TextReceiver">
- <intent-filter android:priority="800">
- <action android:name="android.intent.action.NEW_OUTGOING_CALL"/>
- </intent-filter>
- </receiver>
- </application>