android framework-init进程

余生爱静

已于 2023-04-03 17:36:11 修改

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分类专栏： android Framework 文章标签： android framework init

于 2023-04-03 17:06:26 首次发布

本文链接：https://blog.csdn.net/lepaitianshi/article/details/129838560

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一、init进程简介

init进程是用户空间的第一个进程，它的进程pid为1
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二、init进程详解

在这里插入图片描述
涉及的源码路径：

android-10.0.0_r41\system\core\init\main.cpp
android-10.0.0_r41\system\core\init\first_stage_init.cpp
android-10.0.0_r41\system\core\init\selinux.cpp
android-10.0.0_r41\system\core\init\init.cpp
android-10.0.0_r41\system\core\rootdir\init.rc

2.1、android.bp

路径：android-10.0.0_r41\system\core\init\Android.bp
对应的源码：
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2.2、main.cpp

android-10.0.0_r41\system\core\init\main.cpp
init进程的入口函数：

int main(int argc, char** argv) {
#if __has_feature(address_sanitizer)
    __asan_set_error_report_callback(AsanReportCallback);
#endif

    if (!strcmp(basename(argv[0]), "ueventd")) {
        return ueventd_main(argc, argv);
    }

    if (argc > 1) {
        if (!strcmp(argv[1], "subcontext")) {
            android::base::InitLogging(argv, &android::base::KernelLogger);
            const BuiltinFunctionMap function_map;

            return SubcontextMain(argc, argv, &function_map);
        }

        if (!strcmp(argv[1], "selinux_setup")) {
            return SetupSelinux(argv);
        }

        if (!strcmp(argv[1], "second_stage")) {
            return SecondStageMain(argc, argv);
        }
    }

    return FirstStageMain(argc, argv);
}

该main函数会被多次调用

2.3、first_stage_init.cpp

路径：android-10.0.0_r41\system\core\init\first_stage_init.cpp
源码

int FirstStageMain(int argc, char** argv) {
    if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
        InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
    }

    boot_clock::time_point start_time = boot_clock::now();

    std::vector<std::pair<std::string, int>> errors;
#define CHECKCALL(x) \
    if (x != 0) errors.emplace_back(#x " failed", errno);

    // Clear the umask.
    umask(0);

    CHECKCALL(clearenv());
    CHECKCALL(setenv("PATH", _PATH_DEFPATH, 1));
    // Get the basic filesystem setup we need put together in the initramdisk
    // on / and then we'll let the rc file figure out the rest.
    CHECKCALL(mount("tmpfs", "/dev", "tmpfs", MS_NOSUID, "mode=0755"));
    CHECKCALL(mkdir("/dev/pts", 0755));
    CHECKCALL(mkdir("/dev/socket", 0755));
    CHECKCALL(mount("devpts", "/dev/pts", "devpts", 0, NULL));
#define MAKE_STR(x) __STRING(x)
    CHECKCALL(mount("proc", "/proc", "proc", 0, "hidepid=2,gid=" MAKE_STR(AID_READPROC)));
#undef MAKE_STR
    // Don't expose the raw commandline to unprivileged processes.
    CHECKCALL(chmod("/proc/cmdline", 0440));
    gid_t groups[] = {AID_READPROC};
    CHECKCALL(setgroups(arraysize(groups), groups));
    CHECKCALL(mount("sysfs", "/sys", "sysfs", 0, NULL));
    CHECKCALL(mount("selinuxfs", "/sys/fs/selinux", "selinuxfs", 0, NULL));

    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/kmsg", S_IFCHR | 0600, makedev(1, 11)));

    if constexpr (WORLD_WRITABLE_KMSG) {
        CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/kmsg_debug", S_IFCHR | 0622, makedev(1, 11)));
    }

    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/random", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 8)));
    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/urandom", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 9)));

    // This is needed for log wrapper, which gets called before ueventd runs.
    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/ptmx", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(5, 2)));
    CHECKCALL(mknod("/dev/null", S_IFCHR | 0666, makedev(1, 3)));

    // These below mounts are done in first stage init so that first stage mount can mount
    // subdirectories of /mnt/{vendor,product}/.  Other mounts, not required by first stage mount,
    // should be done in rc files.
    // Mount staging areas for devices managed by vold
    // See storage config details at http://source.android.com/devices/storage/
    CHECKCALL(mount("tmpfs", "/mnt", "tmpfs", MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV,
                    "mode=0755,uid=0,gid=1000"));
    // /mnt/vendor is used to mount vendor-specific partitions that can not be
    // part of the vendor partition, e.g. because they are mounted read-write.
    CHECKCALL(mkdir("/mnt/vendor", 0755));
    // /mnt/product is used to mount product-specific partitions that can not be
    // part of the product partition, e.g. because they are mounted read-write.
    CHECKCALL(mkdir("/mnt/product", 0755));

    // /apex is used to mount APEXes
    CHECKCALL(mount("tmpfs", "/apex", "tmpfs", MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV,
                    "mode=0755,uid=0,gid=0"));

    // /debug_ramdisk is used to preserve additional files from the debug ramdisk
    CHECKCALL(mount("tmpfs", "/debug_ramdisk", "tmpfs", MS_NOEXEC | MS_NOSUID | MS_NODEV,
                    "mode=0755,uid=0,gid=0"));
#undef CHECKCALL
    //重定向标准输入输出流到/dev/null
    SetStdioToDevNull(argv);
    // Now that tmpfs is mounted on /dev and we have /dev/kmsg, we can actually
    // talk to the outside world...
    //初始化内核日志系统
    InitKernelLogging(argv);

    if (!errors.empty()) {
        for (const auto& [error_string, error_errno] : errors) {
            LOG(ERROR) << error_string << " " << strerror(error_errno);
        }
        LOG(FATAL) << "Init encountered errors starting first stage, aborting";
    }

    LOG(INFO) << "init first stage started!";

    auto old_root_dir = std::unique_ptr<DIR, decltype(&closedir)>{opendir("/"), closedir};
    if (!old_root_dir) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not opendir(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
    }

    struct stat old_root_info;
    if (stat("/", &old_root_info) != 0) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not stat(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
        old_root_dir.reset();
    }

    if (ForceNormalBoot()) {
        mkdir("/first_stage_ramdisk", 0755);
        // SwitchRoot() must be called with a mount point as the target, so we bind mount the
        // target directory to itself here.
        if (mount("/first_stage_ramdisk", "/first_stage_ramdisk", nullptr, MS_BIND, nullptr) != 0) {
            LOG(FATAL) << "Could not bind mount /first_stage_ramdisk to itself";
        }
        SwitchRoot("/first_stage_ramdisk");
    }

    // If this file is present, the second-stage init will use a userdebug sepolicy
    // and load adb_debug.prop to allow adb root, if the device is unlocked.
    if (access("/force_debuggable", F_OK) == 0) {
        std::error_code ec;  // to invoke the overloaded copy_file() that won't throw.
        if (!fs::copy_file("/adb_debug.prop", kDebugRamdiskProp, ec) ||
            !fs::copy_file("/userdebug_plat_sepolicy.cil", kDebugRamdiskSEPolicy, ec)) {
            LOG(ERROR) << "Failed to setup debug ramdisk";
        } else {
            // setenv for second-stage init to read above kDebugRamdisk* files.
            setenv("INIT_FORCE_DEBUGGABLE", "true", 1);
        }
    }

    if (!DoFirstStageMount()) {
        LOG(FATAL) << "Failed to mount required partitions early ...";
    }

    struct stat new_root_info;
    if (stat("/", &new_root_info) != 0) {
        PLOG(ERROR) << "Could not stat(\"/\"), not freeing ramdisk";
        old_root_dir.reset();
    }

    if (old_root_dir && old_root_info.st_dev != new_root_info.st_dev) {
        FreeRamdisk(old_root_dir.get(), old_root_info.st_dev);
    }

    SetInitAvbVersionInRecovery();

    static constexpr uint32_t kNanosecondsPerMillisecond = 1e6;
    uint64_t start_ms = start_time.time_since_epoch().count() / kNanosecondsPerMillisecond;
    setenv("INIT_STARTED_AT", std::to_string(start_ms).c_str(), 1);

    const char* path = "/system/bin/init";
    const char* args[] = {path, "selinux_setup", nullptr};
    execv(path, const_cast<char**>(args));

    // execv() only returns if an error happened, in which case we
    // panic and never fall through this conditional.
    PLOG(FATAL) << "execv(\"" << path << "\") failed";

    return 1;
}

设置PATH环境变量
往ramfs创建节点，并挂在各种系统。
像/dev/random,/proc等都是linux系统标准的目录项，/mnt/vendor,/mnt/product则是android系统特有的
重定向输出流到/dev/kmsg下,重新启动init,并设置参数selinux_setup，再次进入main函数时判断下一阶段

2.4、selinux.cpp

Android系统启动时，init进程负责将安全策略(Security Policy)加载到内核LSM模块中，内核LSM模块HOOK了文件系统的读写操作，当一个进程要去读写一个系统资源时会被HOOK，LSM内核模块会去AVC(Access Vector Cache)缓存向量中查询操作是否合法，如果查到则允许操作，否则就取安全服务(Security Server)中去检查，同时将检查的结果缓存到AVC缓存向量中，若安全服务中也没有查找到就拒绝这个操作。

路径：android-10.0.0_r41\system\core\init\selinux.cpp
源码：

int SetupSelinux(char** argv) {
    InitKernelLogging(argv);

    if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
        InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
    }

    // Set up SELinux, loading the SELinux policy.
    //设置SELinux,加载SELinux安全策略
    SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
    SelinuxInitialize();

    // We're in the kernel domain and want to transition to the init domain.  File systems that
    // store SELabels in their xattrs, such as ext4 do not need an explicit restorecon here,
    // but other file systems do.  In particular, this is needed for ramdisks such as the
    // recovery image for A/B devices.
    if (selinux_android_restorecon("/system/bin/init", 0) == -1) {
        PLOG(FATAL) << "restorecon failed of /system/bin/init failed";
    }

    const char* path = "/system/bin/init";
    const char* args[] = {path, "second_stage", nullptr};
    execv(path, const_cast<char**>(args));

    // execv() only returns if an error happened, in which case we
    // panic and never return from this function.
    PLOG(FATAL) << "execv(\"" << path << "\") failed";

    return 1;
}

设置SELinux,加载SELinux安全策略
重新启动init,并设置参数second_stage，再次进入main函数时判断进入下一阶段

2.5、init.cpp

路径：android-10.0.0_r41\system\core\init\init.cpp
源码：

int SecondStageMain(int argc, char** argv) {
    if (REBOOT_BOOTLOADER_ON_PANIC) {
        InstallRebootSignalHandlers();
    }

    SetStdioToDevNull(argv);
    InitKernelLogging(argv);
    LOG(INFO) << "init second stage started!";

    // Set init and its forked children's oom_adj.
    if (auto result = WriteFile("/proc/1/oom_score_adj", "-1000"); !result) {
        LOG(ERROR) << "Unable to write -1000 to /proc/1/oom_score_adj: " << result.error();
    }

    // Enable seccomp if global boot option was passed (otherwise it is enabled in zygote).
    GlobalSeccomp();

    // Set up a session keyring that all processes will have access to. It
    // will hold things like FBE encryption keys. No process should override
    // its session keyring.
    keyctl_get_keyring_ID(KEY_SPEC_SESSION_KEYRING, 1);

    // Indicate that booting is in progress to background fw loaders, etc.
    close(open("/dev/.booting", O_WRONLY | O_CREAT | O_CLOEXEC, 0000));

    property_init();

    // If arguments are passed both on the command line and in DT,
    // properties set in DT always have priority over the command-line ones.
    process_kernel_dt();
    process_kernel_cmdline();

    // Propagate the kernel variables to internal variables
    // used by init as well as the current required properties.
    export_kernel_boot_props();

    // Make the time that init started available for bootstat to log.
    property_set("ro.boottime.init", getenv("INIT_STARTED_AT"));
    property_set("ro.boottime.init.selinux", getenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK"));

    // Set libavb version for Framework-only OTA match in Treble build.
    const char* avb_version = getenv("INIT_AVB_VERSION");
    if (avb_version) property_set("ro.boot.avb_version", avb_version);

    // See if need to load debug props to allow adb root, when the device is unlocked.
    const char* force_debuggable_env = getenv("INIT_FORCE_DEBUGGABLE");
    if (force_debuggable_env && AvbHandle::IsDeviceUnlocked()) {
        load_debug_prop = "true"s == force_debuggable_env;
    }

    // Clean up our environment.
    unsetenv("INIT_STARTED_AT");
    unsetenv("INIT_SELINUX_TOOK");
    unsetenv("INIT_AVB_VERSION");
    unsetenv("INIT_FORCE_DEBUGGABLE");

    // Now set up SELinux for second stage.
    SelinuxSetupKernelLogging();
    SelabelInitialize();
    SelinuxRestoreContext();

    Epoll epoll;
    if (auto result = epoll.Open(); !result) {
        PLOG(FATAL) << result.error();
    }

    InstallSignalFdHandler(&epoll);

    property_load_boot_defaults(load_debug_prop);
    UmountDebugRamdisk();
    fs_mgr_vendor_overlay_mount_all();
    export_oem_lock_status();
    StartPropertyService(&epoll);
    MountHandler mount_handler(&epoll);
    set_usb_controller();

    const BuiltinFunctionMap function_map;
    Action::set_function_map(&function_map);

    if (!SetupMountNamespaces()) {
        PLOG(FATAL) << "SetupMountNamespaces failed";
    }

    subcontexts = InitializeSubcontexts();
    //am中的actions_成员变量用来保存action list(动作列表)
    ActionManager& am = ActionManager::GetInstance();
    //sm中的service_成员变量用来保存service list(服务列表)
    ServiceList& sm = ServiceList::GetInstance();
    // 解析init.rc文件
    LoadBootScripts(am, sm);

    // Turning this on and letting the INFO logging be discarded adds 0.2s to
    // Nexus 9 boot time, so it's disabled by default.
    if (false) DumpState();

    // Make the GSI status available before scripts start running.
    if (android::gsi::IsGsiRunning()) {
        property_set("ro.gsid.image_running", "1");
    } else {
        property_set("ro.gsid.image_running", "0");
    }

    am.QueueBuiltinAction(SetupCgroupsAction, "SetupCgroups");

    am.QueueEventTrigger("early-init");

    // Queue an action that waits for coldboot done so we know ueventd has set up all of /dev...
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(wait_for_coldboot_done_action, "wait_for_coldboot_done");
    // ... so that we can start queuing up actions that require stuff from /dev.
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction, "MixHwrngIntoLinuxRng");
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(SetMmapRndBitsAction, "SetMmapRndBits");
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(SetKptrRestrictAction, "SetKptrRestrict");
    Keychords keychords;
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(
        [&epoll, &keychords](const BuiltinArguments& args) -> Result<Success> {
            for (const auto& svc : ServiceList::GetInstance()) {
                keychords.Register(svc->keycodes());
            }
            keychords.Start(&epoll, HandleKeychord);
            return Success();
        },
        "KeychordInit");
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(console_init_action, "console_init");

    // Trigger all the boot actions to get us started.
    am.QueueEventTrigger("init");

    // Starting the BoringSSL self test, for NIAP certification compliance.
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(StartBoringSslSelfTest, "StartBoringSslSelfTest");

    // Repeat mix_hwrng_into_linux_rng in case /dev/hw_random or /dev/random
    // wasn't ready immediately after wait_for_coldboot_done
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(MixHwrngIntoLinuxRngAction, "MixHwrngIntoLinuxRng");

    // Initialize binder before bringing up other system services
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(InitBinder, "InitBinder");

    // Don't mount filesystems or start core system services in charger mode.
    std::string bootmode = GetProperty("ro.bootmode", "");
    if (bootmode == "charger") {
        am.QueueEventTrigger("charger");
    } else {
        am.QueueEventTrigger("late-init");
    }

    // Run all property triggers based on current state of the properties.
    am.QueueBuiltinAction(queue_property_triggers_action, "queue_property_triggers");
    //依次执行已经触发的触发器action对象的command命令，并且监听属性服务和子进程的终止
    while (true) {
        // By default, sleep until something happens.
        auto epoll_timeout = std::optional<std::chrono::milliseconds>{};

        if (do_shutdown && !shutting_down) {
            do_shutdown = false;
            if (HandlePowerctlMessage(shutdown_command)) {
                shutting_down = true;
            }
        }

        if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
            am.ExecuteOneCommand();
        }
        if (!(waiting_for_prop || Service::is_exec_service_running())) {
            if (!shutting_down) {
                auto next_process_action_time = HandleProcessActions();

                // If there's a process that needs restarting, wake up in time for that.
                if (next_process_action_time) {
                    epoll_timeout = std::chrono::ceil<std::chrono::milliseconds>(
                            *next_process_action_time - boot_clock::now());
                    if (*epoll_timeout < 0ms) epoll_timeout = 0ms;
                }
            }

            // If there's more work to do, wake up again immediately.
            if (am.HasMoreCommands()) epoll_timeout = 0ms;
        }

        if (auto result = epoll.Wait(epoll_timeout); !result) {
            LOG(ERROR) << result.error();
        }
    }

    return 0;
}

LoadBootScripts 解析init.rc文件

//am中的actions_成员变量用来保存action list(动作列表)
ActionManager& am = ActionManager::GetInstance();
//sm中的service_成员变量用来保存service list(服务列表)
ServiceList& sm = ServiceList::GetInstance();

//解析rc文件，并将动作和服务分别添加到am和sm中
LoadBootScripts(am, sm);

static void LoadBootScripts(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list) {
    //创建解析器
    Parser parser = CreateParser(action_manager, service_list);
    ......
    //解析init.rc文件
    parser.ParseConfig("/init.rc");
    ......
}

Parser CreateParser(ActionManager& action_manager, ServiceList& service_list) {
    Parser parser;

    //添加ServiceParser触发器
    parser.AddSectionParser("service", std::make_unique<ServiceParser>(&service_list, subcontexts));
    //添加ActionParser触发器
    parser.AddSectionParser("on", std::make_unique<ActionParser>(&action_manager, subcontexts));
    //添加ImportParser触发器
    parser.AddSectionParser("import", std::make_unique<ImportParser>(&parser));

    return parser;
}

void Parser::AddSectionParser(const std::string& name, std::unique_ptr<SectionParser> parser) {
    //以键值对的形式添加到section_parsers_中
    section_parsers_[name] = std::move(parser);
}

2.5.1、init.rc文件

init.rc 位于 “/system/core/rootdir” 目录下，在这个路径下还包括四个关于 zygote 的 rc 文件。分别是 init.zygote32.rc，init.zygote32_64.rc，init.zygote64.rc，init.zygote64_32.rc，由硬件决定调用哪个文件。
在这里插入图片描述

init.rc 语句类型
init.rc 是一个配置文件，是由Android初始化语言编写的脚本，主要包含五种类型语句：Action、Command、Service、Option、Import ，接下来就上述语句做分别做叙述。
Action
动作由一组命令（Commands）组成，动作还包含了一个触发器，决定了运行这个动作的时机。
Action：通过触发器 trigger ，即通过以 on 开头的语句来决定执行相应的 service 的时机，具体有如下时机：

on early-init; 在初始化早期阶段触发；
on init; 在初始化阶段触发；
on late-init; 在初始化晚期阶段触发；
on boot/charger：当系统启动/充电时触发；
on property:=: 当属性值满足条件时触发；

Command
Command 是 action 的命令列表中命令，或者是 service 中的选项 onrestart 的参数命令，命令将在所属事件发生时被一个一个的执行。常用命令如下：

class_start <service_class_name>：启动属于同一个class的所有服务；
class_stop <service_class_name> : 停止指定类的服务
start <service_name>：启动指定的服务，若已启动则跳过；
stop <service_name>：停止正在运行的服务
setprop ：设置属性值
mkdir ：创建指定目录
symlink <sym_link>：创建连接到的<sym_link>符号链接；
write ：向文件path中写入字符串；
exec： fork并执行，会阻塞init进程直到程序完毕；
exprot ：设定环境变量；
loglevel ：设置log级别
hostname : 设置主机名
import ：导入一个额外的init配置文件

Service
服务 Service ，以 service 开头，由 init 进程启动，一般运行在 init 的一个子进程中，所以启动 service 前需要判断对应的可执行文件是否存在。
命令： service <name> <pathname> [ <argument> ] <option> <option>

name：表示 service 的名称
pathname：表示此 service 所在的路径（ service 为可执行文件，所以存在存储路径）
argument：表示启动 service 所带的参数
option：表示对此 service 的约束选项
init 生成的子进程，定义在rc文件，其中每一个service在启动时会通过fork方式生成子进程。

Option
Options是Service的可选项，与service配合使用

disabled: 不随class自动启动，只有根据service名才启动；
oneshot: service退出后不再重启；
user/group：设置执行服务的用户/用户组，默认都是root；
class：设置所属的类名，当所属类启动/退出时，服务也启动/停止，默认为default；
onrestart:当服务重启时执行相应命令；
socket: 创建名为/decd
critical: 在规定时间内该service不断重启，则系统会重启并进入恢复模式
default: 意味着 disabled=false，oneshot=false，critical=false

Import
用来导入其他的 rc 文件
命令： import

2.5.2、init.rc源码

路径：android-10.0.0_r41\system\core\rootdir\init.rc
源码：

# Copyright (C) 2012 The Android Open Source Project
#
# IMPORTANT: Do not create world writable files or directories.
# This is a common source of Android security bugs.
#

import /init.environ.rc
import /init.usb.rc
import /init.${ro.hardware}.rc
import /vendor/etc/init/hw/init.${ro.hardware}.rc
import /init.usb.configfs.rc
import /init.${ro.zygote}.rc

# Cgroups are mounted right before early-init using list from /etc/cgroups.json
on early-init
    # Disable sysrq from keyboard
    write /proc/sys/kernel/sysrq 0

    # Set the security context of /adb_keys if present.
    restorecon /adb_keys

    # Set the security context of /postinstall if present.
    restorecon /postinstall

    mkdir /acct/uid

    # memory.pressure_level used by lmkd
    chown root system /dev/memcg/memory.pressure_level
    chmod 0040 /dev/memcg/memory.pressure_level
    # app mem cgroups, used by activity manager, lmkd and zygote
    mkdir /dev/memcg/apps/ 0755 system system
    # cgroup for system_server and surfaceflinger
    mkdir /dev/memcg/system 0550 system system

    start ueventd

    # Run apexd-bootstrap so that APEXes that provide critical libraries
    # become available. Note that this is executed as exec_start to ensure that
    # the libraries are available to the processes started after this statement.
    exec_start apexd-bootstrap

on init
    sysclktz 0

    # Mix device-specific information into the entropy pool
    copy /proc/cmdline /dev/urandom
    copy /system/etc/prop.default /dev/urandom

    symlink /proc/self/fd/0 /dev/stdin
    symlink /proc/self/fd/1 /dev/stdout
    symlink /proc/self/fd/2 /dev/stderr

    symlink /system/bin /bin
    symlink /system/etc /etc

    # Backward compatibility.
    symlink /sys/kernel/debug /d

    # Link /vendor to /system/vendor for devices without a vendor partition.
    symlink /system/vendor /vendor

    # Create energy-aware scheduler tuning nodes
    mkdir /dev/stune/foreground
    mkdir /dev/stune/background
    mkdir /dev/stune/top-app
    mkdir /dev/stune/rt
    chown system system /dev/stune
    chown system system /dev/stune/foreground
    chown system system /dev/stune/background
    chown system system /dev/stune/top-app
    chown system system /dev/stune/rt
    chown system system /dev/stune/tasks
    chown system system /dev/stune/foreground/tasks
    chown system system /dev/stune/background/tasks
    chown system system /dev/stune/top-app/tasks
    chown system system /dev/stune/rt/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/foreground/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/background/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/top-app/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/stune/rt/tasks

    # Create blkio group and apply initial settings.
    # This feature needs kernel to support it, and the
    # device's init.rc must actually set the correct values.
    mkdir /dev/blkio/background
    chown system system /dev/blkio
    chown system system /dev/blkio/background
    chown system system /dev/blkio/tasks
    chown system system /dev/blkio/background/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/blkio/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/blkio/background/tasks
    write /dev/blkio/blkio.weight 1000
    write /dev/blkio/background/blkio.weight 500
    write /dev/blkio/blkio.group_idle 0
    write /dev/blkio/background/blkio.group_idle 0

    restorecon_recursive /mnt

    mount configfs none /config nodev noexec nosuid
    chmod 0770 /config/sdcardfs
    chown system package_info /config/sdcardfs

    mkdir /mnt/secure 0700 root root
    mkdir /mnt/secure/asec 0700 root root
    mkdir /mnt/asec 0755 root system
    mkdir /mnt/obb 0755 root system
    mkdir /mnt/media_rw 0750 root media_rw
    mkdir /mnt/user 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/user/0 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/expand 0771 system system
    mkdir /mnt/appfuse 0711 root root

    # Storage views to support runtime permissions
    mkdir /mnt/runtime 0700 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/default 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/default/self 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/read 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/read/self 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/write 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/write/self 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/full 0755 root root
    mkdir /mnt/runtime/full/self 0755 root root

    # Symlink to keep legacy apps working in multi-user world
    symlink /storage/self/primary /sdcard
    symlink /storage/self/primary /mnt/sdcard
    symlink /mnt/user/0/primary /mnt/runtime/default/self/primary

    write /proc/sys/kernel/panic_on_oops 1
    write /proc/sys/kernel/hung_task_timeout_secs 0
    write /proc/cpu/alignment 4

    # scheduler tunables
    # Disable auto-scaling of scheduler tunables with hotplug. The tunables
    # will vary across devices in unpredictable ways if allowed to scale with
    # cpu cores.
    write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_tunable_scaling 0
    write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_latency_ns 10000000
    write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_wakeup_granularity_ns 2000000
    write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_child_runs_first 0

    write /proc/sys/kernel/randomize_va_space 2
    write /proc/sys/vm/mmap_min_addr 32768
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ping_group_range "0 2147483647"
    write /proc/sys/net/unix/max_dgram_qlen 600
    write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_runtime_us 950000
    write /proc/sys/kernel/sched_rt_period_us 1000000

    # Assign reasonable ceiling values for socket rcv/snd buffers.
    # These should almost always be overridden by the target per the
    # the corresponding technology maximums.
    write /proc/sys/net/core/rmem_max  262144
    write /proc/sys/net/core/wmem_max  262144

    # reflect fwmark from incoming packets onto generated replies
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv4/fwmark_reflect 1
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv6/fwmark_reflect 1

    # set fwmark on accepted sockets
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_fwmark_accept 1

    # disable icmp redirects
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv4/conf/all/accept_redirects 0
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv6/conf/all/accept_redirects 0

    # /proc/net/fib_trie leaks interface IP addresses
    chmod 0400 /proc/net/fib_trie

    # Create cgroup mount points for process groups
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl
    chown system system /dev/cpuctl/tasks
    chmod 0666 /dev/cpuctl/tasks
    write /dev/cpuctl/cpu.rt_period_us 1000000
    write /dev/cpuctl/cpu.rt_runtime_us 950000

    # sets up initial cpusets for ActivityManager
    # this ensures that the cpusets are present and usable, but the device's
    # init.rc must actually set the correct cpus
    mkdir /dev/cpuset/foreground
    copy /dev/cpuset/cpus /dev/cpuset/foreground/cpus
    copy /dev/cpuset/mems /dev/cpuset/foreground/mems
    mkdir /dev/cpuset/background
    copy /dev/cpuset/cpus /dev/cpuset/background/cpus
    copy /dev/cpuset/mems /dev/cpuset/background/mems

    # system-background is for system tasks that should only run on
    # little cores, not on bigs
    # to be used only by init, so don't change system-bg permissions
    mkdir /dev/cpuset/system-background
    copy /dev/cpuset/cpus /dev/cpuset/system-background/cpus
    copy /dev/cpuset/mems /dev/cpuset/system-background/mems

    # restricted is for system tasks that are being throttled
    # due to screen off.
    mkdir /dev/cpuset/restricted
    copy /dev/cpuset/cpus /dev/cpuset/restricted/cpus
    copy /dev/cpuset/mems /dev/cpuset/restricted/mems

    mkdir /dev/cpuset/top-app
    copy /dev/cpuset/cpus /dev/cpuset/top-app/cpus
    copy /dev/cpuset/mems /dev/cpuset/top-app/mems

    # change permissions for all cpusets we'll touch at runtime
    chown system system /dev/cpuset
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/foreground
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/background
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/system-background
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/top-app
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/restricted
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/background/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/system-background/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/top-app/tasks
    chown system system /dev/cpuset/restricted/tasks

    # set system-background to 0775 so SurfaceFlinger can touch it
    chmod 0775 /dev/cpuset/system-background

    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/foreground/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/background/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/system-background/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/top-app/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/restricted/tasks
    chmod 0664 /dev/cpuset/tasks

    # make the PSI monitor accessible to others
    chown system system /proc/pressure/memory
    chmod 0664 /proc/pressure/memory

    # qtaguid will limit access to specific data based on group memberships.
    #   net_bw_acct grants impersonation of socket owners.
    #   net_bw_stats grants access to other apps' detailed tagged-socket stats.
    chown root net_bw_acct /proc/net/xt_qtaguid/ctrl
    chown root net_bw_stats /proc/net/xt_qtaguid/stats

    # Allow everybody to read the xt_qtaguid resource tracking misc dev.
    # This is needed by any process that uses socket tagging.
    chmod 0644 /dev/xt_qtaguid

    chown root root /dev/cg2_bpf
    chmod 0600 /dev/cg2_bpf
    mount bpf bpf /sys/fs/bpf nodev noexec nosuid

    # Create location for fs_mgr to store abbreviated output from filesystem
    # checker programs.
    mkdir /dev/fscklogs 0770 root system

    # pstore/ramoops previous console log
    mount pstore pstore /sys/fs/pstore nodev noexec nosuid
    chown system log /sys/fs/pstore
    chmod 0550 /sys/fs/pstore
    chown system log /sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops
    chmod 0440 /sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops
    chown system log /sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops-0
    chmod 0440 /sys/fs/pstore/console-ramoops-0
    chown system log /sys/fs/pstore/pmsg-ramoops-0
    chmod 0440 /sys/fs/pstore/pmsg-ramoops-0

    # enable armv8_deprecated instruction hooks
    write /proc/sys/abi/swp 1

    # Linux's execveat() syscall may construct paths containing /dev/fd
    # expecting it to point to /proc/self/fd
    symlink /proc/self/fd /dev/fd

    export DOWNLOAD_CACHE /data/cache

    # set RLIMIT_NICE to allow priorities from 19 to -20
    setrlimit nice 40 40

    # Allow up to 32K FDs per process
    setrlimit nofile 32768 32768

    # This allows the ledtrig-transient properties to be created here so
    # that they can be chown'd to system:system later on boot
    write /sys/class/leds/vibrator/trigger "transient"

    # This is used by Bionic to select optimized routines.
    write /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.arch} ${ro.bionic.cpu_variant}
    chmod 0444 /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.arch}
    write /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.2nd_arch} ${ro.bionic.2nd_cpu_variant}
    chmod 0444 /dev/cpu_variant:${ro.bionic.2nd_arch}

    # Allow system processes to read / write power state.
    chown system system /sys/power/state
    chown system system /sys/power/wakeup_count
    chmod 0660 /sys/power/state

    # Start logd before any other services run to ensure we capture all of their logs.
    start logd

    # Start essential services.
    start servicemanager
    start hwservicemanager
    start vndservicemanager

# Healthd can trigger a full boot from charger mode by signaling this
# property when the power button is held.
on property:sys.boot_from_charger_mode=1
    class_stop charger
    trigger late-init

on load_persist_props_action
    load_persist_props
    start logd
    start logd-reinit

# Indicate to fw loaders that the relevant mounts are up.
on firmware_mounts_complete
    rm /dev/.booting

# Mount filesystems and start core system services.
on late-init
    trigger early-fs

    # Mount fstab in init.{$device}.rc by mount_all command. Optional parameter
    # '--early' can be specified to skip entries with 'latemount'.
    # /system and /vendor must be mounted by the end of the fs stage,
    # while /data is optional.
    trigger fs
    trigger post-fs

    # Mount fstab in init.{$device}.rc by mount_all with '--late' parameter
    # to only mount entries with 'latemount'. This is needed if '--early' is
    # specified in the previous mount_all command on the fs stage.
    # With /system mounted and properties form /system + /factory available,
    # some services can be started.
    trigger late-fs

    # Now we can mount /data. File encryption requires keymaster to decrypt
    # /data, which in turn can only be loaded when system properties are present.
    trigger post-fs-data

    # Load persist properties and override properties (if enabled) from /data.
    trigger load_persist_props_action

    # Now we can start zygote for devices with file based encryption
    trigger zygote-start

    # Remove a file to wake up anything waiting for firmware.
    trigger firmware_mounts_complete

    trigger early-boot
    trigger boot

on early-fs
    # Once metadata has been mounted, we'll need vold to deal with userdata checkpointing
    start vold

on post-fs
    exec - system system -- /system/bin/vdc checkpoint markBootAttempt

    # Once everything is setup, no need to modify /.
    # The bind+remount combination allows this to work in containers.
    mount rootfs rootfs / remount bind ro nodev
    # Mount default storage into root namespace
    mount none /mnt/runtime/default /storage bind rec
    mount none none /storage slave rec

    # Make sure /sys/kernel/debug (if present) is labeled properly
    # Note that tracefs may be mounted under debug, so we need to cross filesystems
    restorecon --recursive --cross-filesystems /sys/kernel/debug

    # We chown/chmod /cache again so because mount is run as root + defaults
    chown system cache /cache
    chmod 0770 /cache
    # We restorecon /cache in case the cache partition has been reset.
    restorecon_recursive /cache

    # Create /cache/recovery in case it's not there. It'll also fix the odd
    # permissions if created by the recovery system.
    mkdir /cache/recovery 0770 system cache

    # Backup/restore mechanism uses the cache partition
    mkdir /cache/backup_stage 0700 system system
    mkdir /cache/backup 0700 system system

    #change permissions on vmallocinfo so we can grab it from bugreports
    chown root log /proc/vmallocinfo
    chmod 0440 /proc/vmallocinfo

    chown root log /proc/slabinfo
    chmod 0440 /proc/slabinfo

    #change permissions on kmsg & sysrq-trigger so bugreports can grab kthread stacks
    chown root system /proc/kmsg
    chmod 0440 /proc/kmsg
    chown root system /proc/sysrq-trigger
    chmod 0220 /proc/sysrq-trigger
    chown system log /proc/last_kmsg
    chmod 0440 /proc/last_kmsg

    # make the selinux kernel policy world-readable
    chmod 0444 /sys/fs/selinux/policy

    # create the lost+found directories, so as to enforce our permissions
    mkdir /cache/lost+found 0770 root root

    restorecon_recursive /metadata
    mkdir /metadata/vold
    chmod 0700 /metadata/vold
    mkdir /metadata/password_slots 0771 root system

    mkdir /metadata/apex 0700 root system
    mkdir /metadata/apex/sessions 0700 root system
on late-fs
    # Ensure that tracefs has the correct permissions.
    # This does not work correctly if it is called in post-fs.
    chmod 0755 /sys/kernel/debug/tracing

    # HALs required before storage encryption can get unlocked (FBE/FDE)
    class_start early_hal

on post-fs-data
    mark_post_data

    # Start checkpoint before we touch data
    start vold
    exec - system system -- /system/bin/vdc checkpoint prepareCheckpoint

    # We chown/chmod /data again so because mount is run as root + defaults
    chown system system /data
    chmod 0771 /data
    # We restorecon /data in case the userdata partition has been reset.
    restorecon /data

    # Make sure we have the device encryption key.
    installkey /data

    # Start bootcharting as soon as possible after the data partition is
    # mounted to collect more data.
    mkdir /data/bootchart 0755 shell shell
    bootchart start

    # Load fsverity keys. This needs to happen before apexd, as post-install of
    # APEXes may rely on keys.
    exec -- /system/bin/fsverity_init

    # Make sure that apexd is started in the default namespace
    enter_default_mount_ns

    # /data/apex is now available. Start apexd to scan and activate APEXes.
    mkdir /data/apex 0750 root system
    mkdir /data/apex/active 0750 root system
    mkdir /data/apex/backup 0700 root system
    mkdir /data/apex/sessions 0700 root system
    mkdir /data/app-staging 0750 system system
    start apexd

    # Avoid predictable entropy pool. Carry over entropy from previous boot.
    copy /data/system/entropy.dat /dev/urandom

    # create basic filesystem structure
    mkdir /data/misc 01771 system misc
    mkdir /data/misc/recovery 0770 system log
    copy /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint.1
    chmod 0440 /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint.1
    chown system log /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint.1
    write /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint ${ro.build.fingerprint}
    chmod 0440 /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint
    chown system log /data/misc/recovery/ro.build.fingerprint
    mkdir /data/misc/recovery/proc 0770 system log
    copy /data/misc/recovery/proc/version /data/misc/recovery/proc/version.1
    chmod 0440 /data/misc/recovery/proc/version.1
    chown system log /data/misc/recovery/proc/version.1
    copy /proc/version /data/misc/recovery/proc/version
    chmod 0440 /data/misc/recovery/proc/version
    chown system log /data/misc/recovery/proc/version
    mkdir /data/misc/bluedroid 02770 bluetooth bluetooth
    # Fix the access permissions and group ownership for 'bt_config.conf'
    chmod 0660 /data/misc/bluedroid/bt_config.conf
    chown bluetooth bluetooth /data/misc/bluedroid/bt_config.conf
    mkdir /data/misc/bluetooth 0770 bluetooth bluetooth
    mkdir /data/misc/bluetooth/logs 0770 bluetooth bluetooth
    mkdir /data/misc/keystore 0700 keystore keystore
    mkdir /data/misc/gatekeeper 0700 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/keychain 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/net 0750 root shell
    mkdir /data/misc/radio 0770 system radio
    mkdir /data/misc/sms 0770 system radio
    mkdir /data/misc/carrierid 0770 system radio
    mkdir /data/misc/apns 0770 system radio
    mkdir /data/misc/zoneinfo 0775 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/network_watchlist 0774 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/textclassifier 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/vpn 0770 system vpn
    mkdir /data/misc/shared_relro 0771 shared_relro shared_relro
    mkdir /data/misc/systemkeys 0700 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/wifi 0770 wifi wifi
    mkdir /data/misc/wifi/sockets 0770 wifi wifi
    mkdir /data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant 0770 wifi wifi
    mkdir /data/misc/ethernet 0770 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/dhcp 0770 dhcp dhcp
    mkdir /data/misc/user 0771 root root
    mkdir /data/misc/perfprofd 0775 root root
    # give system access to wpa_supplicant.conf for backup and restore
    chmod 0660 /data/misc/wifi/wpa_supplicant.conf
    mkdir /data/local 0751 root root
    mkdir /data/misc/media 0700 media media
    mkdir /data/misc/audioserver 0700 audioserver audioserver
    mkdir /data/misc/cameraserver 0700 cameraserver cameraserver
    mkdir /data/misc/vold 0700 root root
    mkdir /data/misc/boottrace 0771 system shell
    mkdir /data/misc/update_engine 0700 root root
    mkdir /data/misc/update_engine_log 02750 root log
    mkdir /data/misc/trace 0700 root root
    # create location to store surface and window trace files
    mkdir /data/misc/wmtrace 0700 system system
    # profile file layout
    mkdir /data/misc/profiles 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/profiles/cur 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/profiles/ref 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/misc/profman 0770 system shell
    mkdir /data/misc/gcov 0770 root root

    mkdir /data/preloads 0775 system system

    mkdir /data/vendor 0771 root root
    mkdir /data/vendor_ce 0771 root root
    mkdir /data/vendor_de 0771 root root
    mkdir /data/vendor/hardware 0771 root root

    # For security reasons, /data/local/tmp should always be empty.
    # Do not place files or directories in /data/local/tmp
    mkdir /data/local/tmp 0771 shell shell
    mkdir /data/local/traces 0777 shell shell
    mkdir /data/data 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/app-private 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/app-ephemeral 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/app-asec 0700 root root
    mkdir /data/app-lib 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/app 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/property 0700 root root
    mkdir /data/tombstones 0771 system system
    mkdir /data/vendor/tombstones 0771 root root
    mkdir /data/vendor/tombstones/wifi 0771 wifi wifi

    # create dalvik-cache, so as to enforce our permissions
    mkdir /data/dalvik-cache 0771 root root
    # create the A/B OTA directory, so as to enforce our permissions
    mkdir /data/ota 0771 root root

    # create the OTA package directory. It will be accessed by GmsCore (cache
    # group), update_engine and update_verifier.
    mkdir /data/ota_package 0770 system cache

    # create resource-cache and double-check the perms
    mkdir /data/resource-cache 0771 system system
    chown system system /data/resource-cache
    chmod 0771 /data/resource-cache

    # create the lost+found directories, so as to enforce our permissions
    mkdir /data/lost+found 0770 root root

    # create directory for DRM plug-ins - give drm the read/write access to
    # the following directory.
    mkdir /data/drm 0770 drm drm

    # create directory for MediaDrm plug-ins - give drm the read/write access to
    # the following directory.
    mkdir /data/mediadrm 0770 mediadrm mediadrm

    mkdir /data/anr 0775 system system

    # NFC: create data/nfc for nv storage
    mkdir /data/nfc 0770 nfc nfc
    mkdir /data/nfc/param 0770 nfc nfc

    # Create all remaining /data root dirs so that they are made through init
    # and get proper encryption policy installed
    mkdir /data/backup 0700 system system
    mkdir /data/ss 0700 system system

    mkdir /data/system 0775 system system
    mkdir /data/system/dropbox 0700 system system
    mkdir /data/system/heapdump 0700 system system
    mkdir /data/system/users 0775 system system

    mkdir /data/system_de 0770 system system
    mkdir /data/system_ce 0770 system system

    mkdir /data/misc_de 01771 system misc
    mkdir /data/misc_ce 01771 system misc

    mkdir /data/user 0711 system system
    mkdir /data/user_de 0711 system system
    symlink /data/data /data/user/0

    mkdir /data/media 0770 media_rw media_rw
    mkdir /data/media/obb 0770 media_rw media_rw

    mkdir /data/cache 0770 system cache
    mkdir /data/cache/recovery 0770 system cache
    mkdir /data/cache/backup_stage 0700 system system
    mkdir /data/cache/backup 0700 system system

    # Wait for apexd to finish activating APEXes before starting more processes.
    wait_for_prop apexd.status ready
    parse_apex_configs

    init_user0

    # Set SELinux security contexts on upgrade or policy update.
    restorecon --recursive --skip-ce /data

    # Check any timezone data in /data is newer than the copy in the runtime module, delete if not.
    exec - system system -- /system/bin/tzdatacheck /apex/com.android.runtime/etc/tz /data/misc/zoneinfo

    # If there is no post-fs-data action in the init.<device>.rc file, you
    # must uncomment this line, otherwise encrypted filesystems
    # won't work.
    # Set indication (checked by vold) that we have finished this action
    #setprop vold.post_fs_data_done 1

    # sys.memfd_use set to false by default, which keeps it disabled
    # until it is confirmed that apps and vendor processes don't make
    # IOCTLs on ashmem fds any more.
    setprop sys.use_memfd false

    # Set fscklog permission
    chown root system /dev/fscklogs/log
    chmod 0770 /dev/fscklogs/log

# It is recommended to put unnecessary data/ initialization from post-fs-data
# to start-zygote in device's init.rc to unblock zygote start.
on zygote-start && property:ro.crypto.state=unencrypted
    # A/B update verifier that marks a successful boot.
    exec_start update_verifier_nonencrypted
    start netd
    start zygote
    start zygote_secondary

on zygote-start && property:ro.crypto.state=unsupported
    # A/B update verifier that marks a successful boot.
    exec_start update_verifier_nonencrypted
    start netd
    start zygote
    start zygote_secondary

on zygote-start && property:ro.crypto.state=encrypted && property:ro.crypto.type=file
    # A/B update verifier that marks a successful boot.
    exec_start update_verifier_nonencrypted
    start netd
    start zygote
    start zygote_secondary

on boot
    # basic network init
    ifup lo
    hostname localhost
    domainname localdomain

    # IPsec SA default expiration length
    write /proc/sys/net/core/xfrm_acq_expires 3600

    # Memory management.  Basic kernel parameters, and allow the high
    # level system server to be able to adjust the kernel OOM driver
    # parameters to match how it is managing things.
    write /proc/sys/vm/overcommit_memory 1
    write /proc/sys/vm/min_free_order_shift 4
    chown root system /sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/adj
    chmod 0664 /sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/adj
    chown root system /sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/minfree
    chmod 0664 /sys/module/lowmemorykiller/parameters/minfree

    # System server manages zram writeback
    chown root system /sys/block/zram0/idle
    chmod 0664 /sys/block/zram0/idle
    chown root system /sys/block/zram0/writeback
    chmod 0664 /sys/block/zram0/writeback

    # Tweak background writeout
    write /proc/sys/vm/dirty_expire_centisecs 200
    write /proc/sys/vm/dirty_background_ratio  5

    # F2FS tuning. Set cp_interval larger than dirty_expire_centisecs
    # to avoid power consumption when system becomes mostly idle. Be careful
    # to make it too large, since it may bring userdata loss, if they
    # are not aware of using fsync()/sync() to prepare sudden power-cut.
    write /sys/fs/f2fs/${dev.mnt.blk.data}/cp_interval 200
    write /sys/fs/f2fs/${dev.mnt.blk.data}/gc_urgent_sleep_time 50

    # limit discard size to 128MB in order to avoid long IO latency
    # for filesystem tuning first (dm or sda)
    # Note that, if dm-<num> is used, sda/mmcblk0 should be tuned in vendor/init.rc
    write /sys/devices/virtual/block/${dev.mnt.blk.data}/queue/discard_max_bytes 134217728

    # Permissions for System Server and daemons.
    chown radio system /sys/android_power/state
    chown radio system /sys/android_power/request_state
    chown radio system /sys/android_power/acquire_full_wake_lock
    chown radio system /sys/android_power/acquire_partial_wake_lock
    chown radio system /sys/android_power/release_wake_lock
    chown system system /sys/power/autosleep
    chown radio wakelock /sys/power/wake_lock
    chown radio wakelock /sys/power/wake_unlock
    chmod 0660 /sys/power/wake_lock
    chmod 0660 /sys/power/wake_unlock

    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/timer_rate
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/timer_rate
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/timer_slack
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/timer_slack
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/min_sample_time
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/min_sample_time
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/hispeed_freq
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/hispeed_freq
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/target_loads
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/target_loads
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/go_hispeed_load
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/go_hispeed_load
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/above_hispeed_delay
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/above_hispeed_delay
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boost
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boost
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boostpulse
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/input_boost
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/input_boost
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boostpulse_duration
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/boostpulse_duration
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/io_is_busy
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpufreq/interactive/io_is_busy

    # Assume SMP uses shared cpufreq policy for all CPUs
    chown system system /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq
    chmod 0660 /sys/devices/system/cpu/cpu0/cpufreq/scaling_max_freq

    chown system system /sys/class/leds/vibrator/trigger
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/vibrator/activate
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/vibrator/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/vibrator/duration
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/vibrator/state
    chown system system /sys/class/timed_output/vibrator/enable
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/keyboard-backlight/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/lcd-backlight/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/button-backlight/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/jogball-backlight/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/red/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/green/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/blue/brightness
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/red/device/grpfreq
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/red/device/grppwm
    chown system system /sys/class/leds/red/device/blink
    chown system system /sys/module/sco/parameters/disable_esco
    chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_wmem_min
    chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_wmem_def
    chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_wmem_max
    chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_rmem_min
    chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_rmem_def
    chown system system /sys/kernel/ipv4/tcp_rmem_max
    chown root radio /proc/cmdline

    # Define default initial receive window size in segments.
    setprop net.tcp.default_init_rwnd 60

    # Start standard binderized HAL daemons
    class_start hal

    class_start core

on nonencrypted
    class_start main
    class_start late_start

on property:sys.init_log_level=*
    loglevel ${sys.init_log_level}

on charger
    class_start charger

on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_load_persist_props
    load_persist_props
    start logd
    start logd-reinit

on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_post_fs_data
    trigger post-fs-data
    trigger zygote-start

on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_restart_min_framework
    # A/B update verifier that marks a successful boot.
    exec_start update_verifier
    class_start main

on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_restart_framework
    # A/B update verifier that marks a successful boot.
    exec_start update_verifier
    class_start_post_data hal
    class_start_post_data core
    class_start main
    class_start late_start
    setprop service.bootanim.exit 0
    start bootanim

on property:vold.decrypt=trigger_shutdown_framework
    class_reset late_start
    class_reset main
    class_reset_post_data core
    class_reset_post_data hal

on property:sys.boot_completed=1
    bootchart stop
    # Setup per_boot directory so other .rc could start to use it on boot_completed
    exec - system system -- /bin/rm -rf /data/per_boot
    mkdir /data/per_boot 0700 system system

# system server cannot write to /proc/sys files,
# and chown/chmod does not work for /proc/sys/ entries.
# So proxy writes through init.
on property:sys.sysctl.extra_free_kbytes=*
    write /proc/sys/vm/extra_free_kbytes ${sys.sysctl.extra_free_kbytes}

# "tcp_default_init_rwnd" Is too long!
on property:sys.sysctl.tcp_def_init_rwnd=*
    write /proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_default_init_rwnd ${sys.sysctl.tcp_def_init_rwnd}

on property:security.perf_harden=0
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid 1
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_max_sample_rate ${debug.perf_event_max_sample_rate:-100000}
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_cpu_time_max_percent ${debug.perf_cpu_time_max_percent:-25}
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_mlock_kb ${debug.perf_event_mlock_kb:-516}

on property:security.perf_harden=1
    write /proc/sys/kernel/perf_event_paranoid 3

# on shutdown
# In device's init.rc, this trigger can be used to do device-specific actions
# before shutdown. e.g disable watchdog and mask error handling

## Daemon processes to be run by init.
##
service ueventd /system/bin/ueventd
    class core
    critical
    seclabel u:r:ueventd:s0
    shutdown critical

service console /system/bin/sh
    class core
    console
    disabled
    user shell
    group shell log readproc
    seclabel u:r:shell:s0
    setenv HOSTNAME console

on property:ro.debuggable=1
    # Give writes to anyone for the trace folder on debug builds.
    # The folder is used to store method traces.
    chmod 0773 /data/misc/trace
    # Give reads to anyone for the window trace folder on debug builds.
    chmod 0775 /data/misc/wmtrace
    start console

service flash_recovery /system/bin/install-recovery.sh
    class main
    oneshot