ServletConfig,load-on-startup,ServletContext

一.ServletConfig

在Servlet的配置文件中，可以使用一个或多个<init-param>标签为servlet配置一些初始化参数。

当servlet配置了初始化参数后，web容器在创建servlet实例对象时，会自动将这些初始化参数封装到ServletConfig对象中，并在调用servlet的init方法时，将ServletConfig对象传递给servlet。进而，程序员通过ServletConfig对象就可以得到当前servlet的初始化参数信息。

package it.git.servletConfig;


import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Enumeration;

import javax.servlet.ServletConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
public class ServletDemo extends HttpServlet {
   private ServletConfig config;
	@Override
	protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
/*	String value=config.getInitParameter("xxx");
	resp.getOutputStream().write(value.getBytes());*/
    Enumeration e = config.getInitParameterNames();
   while( e.hasMoreElements()){
	 String name=  (String) e.nextElement();
	resp.getOutputStream().write(name.getBytes());
   }
	}

	@Override
	protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		 doGet(req, resp);
	}

	@Override
	public void init(ServletConfig config) throws ServletException {
	/*String value =	config.getInitParameter("xxx");
	System.out.println(value);
		*/
		this.config=config;
	}
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" 
	xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee 
	http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>ServletConfig</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>it.git.servletConfig.ServletDemo</servlet-class>
    <init-param>
     <param-name>xxx</param-name>
     <param-value>yyy</param-value>
    </init-param>
    
    <init-param>
     <param-name>aaa</param-name>
     <param-value>lcc</param-value>
    </init-param>
    
    <init-param>
     <param-name>wan</param-name>
     <param-value>zmm</param-value>
    </init-param>
    
    <init-param>
     <param-name>dnz</param-name>
     <param-value>zma</param-value>
    </init-param>
 
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ServletConfig</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/servlet/ServletConfig</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  

  <welcome-file-list>
    <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
  </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

web.xml中load-on-startup的作用
如下一段配置，熟悉DWR的再熟悉不过了：
<servlet>
   <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
   <servlet-class>org.directwebremoting.servlet.DwrServlet</servlet-class>
   <init-param>
    <param-name>debug</param-name>
    <param-value>true</param-value>
   </init-param>
   <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
   <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
   <url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
我们注意到它里面包含了这段配置：<load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup>，那么这个配置有什么作用呢？
贴一段英文原汁原味的解释如下：
Servlet specification:
The load-on-startup element indicates that this servlet should be loaded (instantiated and have its init() called) on the startup of the web application. The optional contents of these element must be an integer indicating the order in which the servlet should be loaded. If the value is a negative integer, or the element is not present, the container is free to load the servlet whenever it chooses.   If the value is a positive integer or 0, the container must load and initialize the servlet as the application is deployed. The container must guarantee that servlets marked with lower integers are loaded before servlets marked with higher integers. The container may choose the order of loading of servlets with the same load-on-start-up value.
翻译过来的意思大致如下：
1)load-on-startup元素标记容器是否在启动的时候就加载这个servlet(实例化并调用其init()方法)。
2)它的值必须是一个整数，表示servlet应该被载入的顺序
2)当值为0或者大于0时，表示容器在应用启动时就加载并初始化这个servlet；
3)当值小于0或者没有指定时，则表示容器在该servlet被选择时才会去加载。
4)正数的值越小，该servlet的优先级越高，应用启动时就越先加载。
5)当值相同时，容器就会自己选择顺序来加载。
所以，<load-on-startup>x</load-on-startup>，中x的取值1，2，3，4，5代表的是优先级，而非启动延迟时间。

ServletContext

1.多个Servlet通过ServletContext对象实现数据共享。

package cn.itcast.context;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

//多个servlet通过servletContext实现数据共享
public class ServletContextDemo1 extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		String data = "abcddffdf";
		
		ServletContext context = this.getServletConfig().getServletContext();
		context.setAttribute("data", data);  //map
		

	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

package cn.itcast.context;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

public class ServletContextDemo2 extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
		String data = (String) context.getAttribute("data");
		System.out.println(data);
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

2.获取WEB应用的初始化参数。

package cn.itcast.context;

import java.io.IOException;

import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

//获取整个web站点的初始化参数
public class ServletContextDemo3 extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {
		
		ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
		String url = context.getInitParameter("url");
		System.out.println(url);
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		doGet(request, response);
	}

}

3实现Servlet的转发。

package cn.itcast.context;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.OutputStream;

import javax.servlet.RequestDispatcher;
import javax.servlet.ServletContext;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

//用servletContext实现请求转发:mvc
//注意：
//1.转发之前的所有写入都无效
//2.转发之前，response不能提交，否则转发的时候服务器会抛：Cannot forward after response has been committed

public class ServletContextDemo4 extends HttpServlet {

	public void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		//String data = "<h1><font color='red'>abcddfdf</font></h1>";
		
		response.getOutputStream().write("1111".getBytes());
		
		ServletContext context = this.getServletContext();
		RequestDispatcher rd = context.getRequestDispatcher("/servlet/ServletContextDemo5");
		rd.forward(request, response);  //doget()
		
		response.getOutputStream().write("4444444444".getBytes());
	}

	public void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
			throws ServletException, IOException {

		doGet(request, response);
	}

}