CentOS离线安装MySQL

1、上传安装包

MySQL包可以到官网下载：https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
将MySQL包上传到服务器指定路径下，如：/usr/local

2、解压

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

修改文件名

mv mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 mysql

删除安装包

rm -f mysql-5.7.32-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

3、修改文件目录权限

useradd -s /bin/false -M mysql
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql

4、复制和修改配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf

将下面内容粘贴到my.cnf文件中

[mysql]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# set mysql client default chararter
# default-character-set=utf8

[mysqld]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# set mysql server port  
port = 3306 #默认是3306，这里发现3306已经被占用，因此防止这种情况发生，可以避免使用3306mysql默认端口
# set mysql install base dir
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
# set the data store dir
datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
# set the number of allow max connnection
max_connections=200
# set server charactre default encoding
character-set-server=utf8mb4
# the storage engine
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=true

[mysql.server]
user=mysql
basedir=/usr/local/mysql

5、安装MySQL

# 进入mysql
[root@CDH-141 local]# cd /usr/local/mysql
# 安装mysql
[root@CDH-141 mysql]# bin/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/ 
# 改操作会生成一下内容，注意保存初始账号和密码
 A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: _n?w)d2o!o1A

注意：如果初始化的时候报错：

# 问题描述
2021-06-24 11:00:00 [WARNING] mysql_install_db is deprecated. Please consider switching to mysqld --initialize
2021-06-24 11:00:00 [ERROR]  The data directory needs to be specified.
# 解决方案：
bin/mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data/

# 问题描述
bin/mysqld： error while loading shared libraries: libaio.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
# 解决方案：安装libaio依赖
rpm -ivh libaio-0.3.109-13.el7.x86_64

设置文件及目录权限

# 复制
cp ./support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# 修改为可执行文件
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld

mkdir /var/lib/mysql
chown mysql:mysql -R /var/lib/mysql

6、启动服务

/etc/init.d/mysqld start
# 查看mysql启动状态
service mysqld status

7、设置开机启动

chkconfig --add mysqld

8、配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile
# 在最后添加
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# 使配置生效
source /etc/profile

9、修改初始密码

# 获取初始密码
cat /root/.mysql_secret

修改密码

# 先连接
mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -p'旧密码'

# 再修改
set PASSWORD = PASSWORD('新密码');
flush privileges;
exit
# 验证是否成功
mysql -uroot -h127.0.0.1 -P3306 -p'新密码'

10、添加远程访问权限（非必要）

mysql> use mysql
Reading table information for completion of table and column names
You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A

Database changed
mysql> update user set host='%' where user='root';
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

mysql> FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> select host,user from user;
+-----------+---------------+
| host      | user          |
+-----------+---------------+
| %         | root          |
| localhost | mysql.session |
| localhost | mysql.sys     |
+-----------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)