关于图论算法

1.邻接矩阵

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int arr[105][105], n, m;

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    cin >> n >> m;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        arr[a][b] = c;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        cout << i << " : ";
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
        {
            if (arr[i][j] != 0)
            {
                cout << "{" << i << "-->" << j << ", " << arr[i][j] << "} ";
            }
        }
        cout << endl;
    }  
    return 0;
}

2.弗洛伊德算法

用于求解最短路

特点:

①慢

②求解多源最短路(从任意点到任意点的最短路径)

    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
        {
            for (int k = 1; k <= n; k++)
            {
                arr[j][k] = min(arr[j][k], arr[j][i] + arr[i][k]);
            }
        }
    }

③简单,好实现

代码实现:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

int arr[1005][1005], n, m, s;

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    memset(arr, 0x3F, sizeof(arr));
    cin >> n >> m >> s;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        if (arr[a][b] > c) {
            arr[a][b] = c;
            arr[b][a] = c;
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
        {
            for (int k = 1; k <= n; k++)
            {
                arr[j][k] = min(arr[j][k], arr[j][i] + arr[i][k]);
            }
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        arr[i][i] = 0;
        if (arr[s][i] == 0x3F3F3F3F) {
            cout << -1 << endl;
        } else {
            cout << arr[s][i] << endl;
        }
    }
    return 0;
}

3.邻接表

特点:

①只存储有用信息,省空间

②可以以某个点为起点的所有边

与邻接矩阵互补!

邻接表实现:

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int n, m, edg[105][105];

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    cin >> n >> m;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int a, b;
        cin >> a >> b;
        edg[a][++edg[a][0]] = b;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        cout << i << " : ";
        for (int j = 1; j <= edg[i][0]; j++)
        {
            cout << edg[i][j] << " ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
    return 0;
}

 节省内存的邻接表实现:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
using namespace std;

struct edge
{
    int s, e, v;
};

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int n, m;
    cin >> n >> m;
    vector<vector<edge>> edg(n+5, vector<edge>());
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        //起点,终点,边权
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        edg[a].push_back((edge){a, b, c});
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        cout << i << " : ";
        for (int j = 0; j < edg[i].size(); j++)
        {
            cout << "{" << i << "-->" << edg[i][j].e << ", " << edg[i][j].v << "}";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
   
    return 0;
}

4.dijkstra算法

求解单源,没有负值!

每次找到该点到其它的点的最短路径。

代码实现:

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <queue>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

struct node
{
    int now, dis;
    bool operator< (const node &b) const {
        return this->dis > b.dis;
    }
};

struct edge
{
    int e, v;
};

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    int n, m, s, ans[100005];
    memset(ans, 0x3F, sizeof(ans));
    // cin >> n >> m >> s;
    scanf("%d%d%d", &n, &m, &s);
    vector<vector<edge>> edg(n+5, vector<edge>());
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int a, b, c;
        // cin >> a >> b >> c;
        scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);
        edg[a].push_back((edge){b, c});
        edg[b].push_back((edge){a, c});
    }
    priority_queue<node> que;
    que.push((node){s, 0});
    ans[s] = 0;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        node temp = que.top();
        que.pop();
        if (ans[temp.now] < temp.dis) {
            continue;
        }
        for (int i = 0; i < edg[temp.now].size(); i++)
        {
            int e = edg[temp.now][i].e, v = edg[temp.now][i].v;
            if (ans[e] > temp.dis + v) {
                ans[e] = temp.dis + v;
                que.push((node){e, ans[e]});
            }
        }  
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
        {
            if (ans[i] == 0x3F3F3F3F) {
                // cout << -1 << endl;
                printf("-1\n");
            } else {
                // cout << ans[i] << endl;
                printf("%d\n", ans[i]);
            }
        }
    return 0;
}

 

5.链式前向星

用指针域模拟一个链表。

代码实现:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

struct edge
{
    int e, v, next;
};

edge edg[1005];
int n, m, head[1005];

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    memset(head, -1, sizeof(head));
    cin >> n >> m;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        edg[i].e = b;               //终点
        edg[i].v = c;               //权值
        edg[i].next = head[a];      //同起点的上一条边
        head[a] = i;                //a的最后一条边
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        cout << i << " : ";
        for (int j = head[i]; j != -1; j = edg[j].next)
        {
            cout << "{" << i << "-->" << edg[j].e << ", " << edg[j].v << "} ";
        }
        cout << endl;
    }
   
    return 0;
}

基于dijkstra链式前向星代码实现:

#include <iostream>
#include <queue>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

struct edge
{
    int e, v, next;
};

struct node
{
    int now, dis;
    bool operator< (const node &b) const {
        return this->dis > b.dis;
    }
};

edge edg[200005];
int n, m, s, ans[100005], head[100005], cnt;

void add_edge(int a, int b, int c) {
    edg[cnt].e = b;
    edg[cnt].v = c;
    edg[cnt].next = head[a];
    head[a] = cnt;
    cnt++;
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    memset(head, -1, sizeof(head));
    memset(ans, 0x3F, sizeof(ans));
    cin >> n >> m >> s;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        add_edge(a, b, c);
        add_edge(b, a, c);
    }
    priority_queue<node> que;
    que.push((node){s, 0});
    ans[s] = 0;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        node temp = que.top();
        que.pop();
        if (temp.dis > ans[temp.now]) {
            continue;
        }
        for (int i = head[temp.now]; i != -1; i = edg[i].next)
        {
            int e = edg[i].e, v = edg[i].v;
            if (ans[e] > ans[temp.now] + v) {
                ans[e] = ans[temp.now] + v;
                que.push((node){e, ans[e]});
            }
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        if (ans[i] == 0x3F3F3F3F) cout << -1 << endl;
        else cout << ans[i] << endl;
    }
   
    return 0;
}

 

 6.Bellman-ford

特点:单源最短路径,处理速度比较慢,但可以处理负权边。

代码实现:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

struct edge
{
    int s, e, v;
};

edge edg[200005];
int n, m, s, ans[100005], cnt;

void add_edge(int a, int b, int c) {
    edg[cnt].s = a;
    edg[cnt].e = b;
    edg[cnt].v = c;
    cnt++;
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    memset(ans, 0x3F, sizeof(ans));
    cin >> n >> m >> s;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        add_edge(a, b, c);
        add_edge(b, a, c);
    }
    ans[s] = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 0; j < cnt; j++)
        {
            if (ans[edg[j].e] > ans[edg[j].s] + edg[j].v) {
                ans[edg[j].e] = ans[edg[j].s] + edg[j].v;
            }
        }
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        if (ans[i] == 0x3F3F3F3F) cout << -1 << endl;
        else cout << ans[i] << endl;
    }
   
    return 0;
}

 时间复杂度是O(n * m)

优化:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

struct edge
{
    int s, e, v;
};

edge edg[200005];
int n, m, s, ans[100005], cnt;

void add_edge(int a, int b, int c) {
    edg[cnt].s = a;
    edg[cnt].e = b;
    edg[cnt].v = c;
    cnt++;
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    memset(ans, 0x3F, sizeof(ans));
    cin >> n >> m >> s;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        add_edge(a, b, c);
        add_edge(b, a, c);
    }
    ans[s] = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < n; i++)
    {
        int f = 0;
        for (int j = 0; j < cnt; j++)
        {
            if (ans[edg[j].e] > ans[edg[j].s] + edg[j].v) {
                ans[edg[j].e] = ans[edg[j].s] + edg[j].v;
                f = 1;
            }
        }
        if (f == 0) break;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        if (ans[i] == 0x3F3F3F3F) cout << -1 << endl;
        else cout << ans[i] << endl;
    }
   
    return 0;
}

只有上一轮更新过的点,才能影响下一轮答案

->基于队列的bellman-ford算法的优化:

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
#include <queue>
using namespace std;

struct edge
{
    int e, v, next;
};

edge edg[200005];
int n, m, s, ans[100005], head[100005], cnt, mark[100005];

void add_edge(int a, int b, int c) {
    edg[cnt].e = b;
    edg[cnt].v = c;
    edg[cnt].next = head[a];
    head[a] = cnt++;
}

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    memset(ans, 0x3F, sizeof(ans));
    memset(head, -1, sizeof(head));
    cin >> n >> m >> s;
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int a, b, c;
        cin >> a >> b >> c;
        add_edge(a, b, c);
        add_edge(b, a, c);
    }
    queue<int> que;
    ans[s] = 0;
    que.push(s);
    mark[s] = 1;
    while (!que.empty())
    {
        int temp = que.front();
        que.pop();
        mark[temp] = 0;
        for (int i = head[temp]; i != -1; i = edg[i].next)
        {
            int e = edg[i].e, v = edg[i].v;
            if (ans[e] > ans[temp] + v) {
                ans[e] = ans[temp] + v;
                if (mark[e] == 0) {
                    que.push(e);
                    mark[e] = 1;
                }
            }
        }    
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        if (ans[i] == 0x3F3F3F3F) cout << -1 << endl;
        else cout << ans[i] << endl;
    }
   
    return 0;
}

 

7.code

#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

int n, num[105], arr[105][105];

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    memset(arr, 0x3F, sizeof(arr));
    // cin >> n;
    scanf("%d", &n);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        scanf("%d", &num[i]);
        int a, b;
        scanf("%d%d", &a, &b);
        if (a) {
            arr[i][a] = 1;
            arr[a][i] = 1;
        }
        if (b) {
            arr[i][b] = 1;
            arr[b][i] = 1;
        }
        arr[i][i] = 0;
    }
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
        {
            for (int k = 1; k <= n; k++)
            {
                arr[j][k] = min(arr[j][k], arr[j][i] + arr[i][k]);
            }
        }
    }
    int ans = 0x3F3F3F3F;
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        int t = 0;
        for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
        {
            t += arr[j][i] * num[j];
        }
        ans = min(ans, t);
    }
    printf("%d\n", ans);
    return 0;
}
#include <iostream>
#include <cstring>
using namespace std;

int n, m, q, now, num[205], arr[205][205];

int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
    memset(arr, 0x3F, sizeof(arr));
    scanf("%d%d", &n, &m);
    for (int i = 1; i <= n; i++)
    {
        scanf("%d", &num[i]);
        arr[i][i] = 0;
    }
    for (int i = 0; i < m; i++)
    {
        int a, b, c;
        scanf("%d%d%d", &a, &b, &c);
        a++, b++;
        arr[a][b] = arr[b][a] = c;
    }
    scanf("%d", &q);
    for (int i = 0; i < q; i++)
    {
        int  x, y, t;
        scanf("%d%d%d", &x, &y, &t);
        x++, y++;
        while (num[now] <= t && now <= n)
        {
            for (int j = 1; j <= n; j++)
            {
                for (int k = 1; k <= n; k++)
                {
                    arr[j][k] = min(arr[j][k], arr[j][now] + arr[now][k]);
                }
            }
            now++;
        }
        if (num[x] > t || num[y] > t || arr[x][y] == 0x3F3F3F3F) printf("-1\n");
        else printf("%d\n", arr[x][y]);
    }
   
    return 0;
}

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