CentOS7.X使用mysql_multi部署MySQL5.7.28多实例

由于客户环境部署要求其中一个实例表要区分大小写，另一个实例为不区分大小写。部署花了不少时间，遇到不少的坑，这里将我的部署记录下来，以便大家参考，部署过程如有发现不当之处，还请评论区指明，谢谢！！以下为具体部署过程记录：

安装环境准备
1.1 主机环境准备
1.1.1. HOST
配置主机的hosts(/etc/hosts),添加host_ip $hostname到/etc/hosts文件中。

[root@ ~]# echo "192.168.1.130 multidb" >> /etc/hosts

1.1.2. 关闭selinux

[root@ ~]# sed -i 's/SELINUX=enforcing/SELINUX=permissive/g' /etc/selinux/config
[root@ ~]# setenforce 0

1.1.3. 系统主机时间、时区、系统语言 修改时区

[root@ ~]# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

 修改系统语言环境

[root@ ~]# echo 'LANG="en_US.UTF-8"' >> /etc/profile 
[root@ ~]# source /etc/profile

 配置主机NTP时间同步

[root@ ~]# yum -y install ntp
[root@ ~]# systemctl enable ntpd
[root@ ~]# systemctl start ntpd
[root@ ~]# echo 'server ntp1.aliyun.com' >> /etc/ntp.conf
[root@ ~]# echo 'server ntp2.aliyun.com' >> /etc/ntp.conf

Mysql安装部署
2.1 环境清理

[root@~]# rpm -e --nodeps mariadb-libs-*
[root@~]# rpm -e mysql* 
[root@~]# yum list installed | grep mariadb ---确认已经清理干净
[root@~]# yum list installed | grep mysql ---确认已经清理干净
[root@~]# mv /etc/my.cnf /etc/my.cnf.`date +%Y%m%d%H%M%S`.bak

2.2 安装依赖包

[root@ ~]# yum -y install bzr zlib-devel gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel libev make cmake \
 gcc autoconf automake zlib libxml libgcrypt libtool bison perl perl-devel libaio libaio-devel \
 perl-Time-HiRes perl-DBD-MySQL perl-Digest-MD5 rsync perl-Data-Dumper net-tools \
 wget vim openssl openssl-devel

2.3 创建用户

[root@ ~]# groupadd mysql
[root@ ~]# useradd mysql -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin -M

2.4 配置系统内核参数

[root@ ~]# vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.core.somaxconn = 65535
net.core.netdev_max_backlog = 65535
net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog = 65535
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 10
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 120
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 3
vm.swappiness = 0
net.ipv4.ip_forward=1
net.bridge.bridge-nf-call-iptables=1
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh1=4096
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh2=6144
net.ipv4.neigh.default.gc_thresh3=8192
kernel.shmmax = 25769803774
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.shmall = 16777216
kernel.sem = 1010 129280 1010 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 4194304
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
[root@ ~]# modprobe br_netfilter
[root@ ~]# sysctl -p

2.5 修改系统资源限制

[root@ ~]# vi /etc/security/limits.conf
mysql  soft    nproc   65535
mysql  hard    nproc   65535
mysql  soft    nofile  65535
mysql  hard    nofile  65535
mysql  soft    stack   10240

2.6 修改环境变量

[root@ ~]# vi /etc/profile
if [ $USER = "mysql" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
[root@~]# source /etc/profile

2.7 安装mysql多实例2.7.1. 创建软件安装目录(部署路径请根据实际修改)

[root@~]#  mkdir -pv /data/mysql/{3306,3307}
[root@~]#  mkdir -v /data/mysql/3306/{logs,data,binlog}
[root@~]#  mkdir -v /data/mysql/3307/{logs,data,binlog}

2.7.2. MySQL安装包下载

[root@~]#  cd /opt
[root@~]#  wget -c https://dev.mysql.com/get/Downloads/MySQL-5.7/mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@~]#  tar zxvf mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
[root@~]#  mv mysql-5.7.28-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /usr/local/mysql
[root@~]#  chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
[root@~]#  chown -R mysql:mysql /data

2.7.3. MySQL参数配置 配置my.cnf参数文件（1）server_id=3306与server_id=3307数值请根据实际配置，注意配置的id值与局域网内其他各实例所配置的数值不可以冲突；（2）max_connections=1000配置MySQL数据库的最大连接数，根据实际需要配置，其他参数的优化根据实际需要修改或添加；（3）配置文件全部内容如下

[root@~]#  vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld_multi]
mysqld     = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
mysqladmin = /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqladmin
log = /data/mysql/mysqld_multi.log 
#user=root
#pass=

[mysql]
prompt="\\u@jsshapp \R:\m:\s [\d]> "
no-auto-rehash

[mysqld3306]
user                                = mysql
port                                = 3306
symbolic-links                      = 0
#basedir                             = /usr/
datadir                             = /data/mysql/3306/data
socket                              = /data/mysql/3306/mysql3306.sock
pid-file                            = /data/mysql/3306/mysqld3306.pid
server_id                           = 3306
character_set_server                = utf8
max_connections                     = 1000
skip_name_resolve                   = 1
open_files_limit                    = 65536
thread_cache_size                   = 64
table_open_cache                    = 4096
table_definition_cache              = 1024
table_open_cache_instances          = 64
max_prepared_stmt_count             = 1048576
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp     = true
log_timestamps                      = system

binlog_format                       = row
log_bin                           = /data/mysql/3306/binlog/mysql-bin
binlog_rows_query_log_events        = on
expire_logs_days                    = 7
binlog_cache_size                   = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size               = 2G
max_binlog_size                     = 1G
sync_binlog                         = 1
log_bin_trust_function_creators     = 1

slow_query_log                      = on
slow_query_log_file                 = /data/mysql/3306/data/slow.log
log-error                           = /data/mysql/3306/logs/error.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes      = on
long_query_time                     = 1.000000

gtid_mode                           = on
enforce_gtid_consistency            = on

default_storage_engine              = innodb
default_tmp_storage_engine          = innodb
innodb_data_file_path               = ibdata1:12M:autoextend:max:2000M
innodb_temp_data_file_path          = ibtmp1:12M:autoextend:max:2000M
innodb_buffer_pool_filename         = ib_buffer_pool
innodb_log_files_in_group           = 3
innodb_log_file_size                = 512M
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size    = 1024M
innodb_open_files                   = 4096
innodb_page_size                    = 16k
innodb_thread_concurrency           = 0
innodb_read_io_threads              = 4
innodb_write_io_threads             = 4
innodb_purge_threads                = 4
innodb_page_cleaners                = 4
innodb_print_all_deadlocks          = on
innodb_lock_wait_timeout            = 20
innodb_spin_wait_delay              = 128
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode            = 2
innodb_io_capacity                  = 200
innodb_io_capacity_max              = 2000
#innodb_flush_neighbors             = 
innodb_log_buffer_size              = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_timeout         = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit      = 2
innodb_buffer_pool_size             = 1024M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances        = 4
autocommit                          = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct         = 25
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = ON
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup  = ON

[mysqld3307]
user                                = mysql
port                                = 3307
symbolic-links                      = 0
lower_case_table_names              = 1
#basedir                             = /usr/
datadir                             = /data/mysql/3307/data
socket                              = /data/mysql/3307/mysql3307.sock
pid-file                            = /data/mysql/3307/mysqld3307.pid
server_id                           = 3307
character_set_server                = utf8
max_connections                     = 1000
skip_name_resolve                   = 1
open_files_limit                    = 65536
thread_cache_size                   = 64
table_open_cache                    = 4096
table_definition_cache              = 1024
table_open_cache_instances          = 64
max_prepared_stmt_count             = 1048576
explicit_defaults_for_timestamp     = true
log_timestamps                      = system

binlog_format                       = row
log_bin                            = /data/mysql/3307/binlog/mysql-bin
binlog_rows_query_log_events        = on
expire_logs_days                    = 7
binlog_cache_size                   = 4M
max_binlog_cache_size               = 2G
max_binlog_size                     = 1G
sync_binlog                         = 1

slow_query_log                      = on
slow_query_log_file                 = /data/mysql/3307/data/slow.log
log-error                           = /data/mysql/3307/logs/error.log
log_queries_not_using_indexes      = on
long_query_time                     = 1.000000

gtid_mode                           = on
enforce_gtid_consistency            = on

default_storage_engine              = innodb
default_tmp_storage_engine          = innodb
innodb_data_file_path               = ibdata1:12M:autoextend:max:2000M
innodb_temp_data_file_path          = ibtmp1:12M:autoextend:max:2000M
innodb_buffer_pool_filename         = ib_buffer_pool
innodb_log_files_in_group           = 3
innodb_log_file_size                = 512M
innodb_online_alter_log_max_size    = 1024M
innodb_open_files                   = 4096
innodb_page_size                    = 16k
innodb_thread_concurrency           = 0
innodb_read_io_threads              = 4
innodb_write_io_threads             = 4
innodb_purge_threads                = 4
innodb_page_cleaners                = 4
innodb_print_all_deadlocks          = on
innodb_lock_wait_timeout            = 20
innodb_spin_wait_delay              = 128
innodb_autoinc_lock_mode            = 2
innodb_io_capacity                  = 200
innodb_io_capacity_max              = 2000
#innodb_flush_neighbors             = 
innodb_log_buffer_size              = 8M
innodb_flush_log_at_timeout         = 1
innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit      = 2
innodb_buffer_pool_size             = 1024M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances        = 4
autocommit                          = 1
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_pct         = 25
innodb_buffer_pool_dump_at_shutdown = ON
innodb_buffer_pool_load_at_startup  = ON

[mysqldump]
quick
max_allowed_packet = 32M

2.7.4. 配置MySQL环境变量

[root@~]#  echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
[root@~]#  tail -1 /etc/profile
[root@~]#  source /etc/profile

2.7.5. testone实例初始化 操作实例初始化

[root@~]#  mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/3306/data/ > /tmp/3306.log 2>&1
[root@~]#  tail -100f /tmp/3306.log

—使用tail命令查看初始化日志，有出现如下内容，即表示初始化完成（其中#5+t+xYW+<t?即为root用户的临时密码）A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: #5+t+xYW+<t?

 生成ssl文件

[root@~]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/3306/data

 启动testone实例

[root@~]#  mysqld_multi start 3306
[root@~]#  tail -100f /data/mysql/3306/logs/error.log 
----使用tail命令查看启动日志，有出现即表示启动成功

Version: '5.7.28-log' socket: '/data/mysql/3306/mysql3306.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 修改root密码

[root@~]#  less /tmp/3306.log | grep 'A temporary password'
[root@~]#  mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql3306.sock
Enter password:
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '统一密码';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit;

 验证 testone root用户统一密码（界面正常输出information_schema内容表示正常）

[root@~]#  mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql3306.sock -e "show databases;" | grep information_schema
Enter password:

 修改my.cnf配置文件，将修改的统一密码，添加到配置文件中

[root@~]#  sed -i "s@^#user=root@user=root@g" /etc/my.cnf
[root@~]#  sed -i "s@^#pass=@pass=统一密码@g" /etc/my.cnf
[root@~]#  cat /etc/my.cnf | grep pass=      ---使用cat命令查看配置文件pass字段输出的结果是否一致

 停止testone实例

[root@~]#  mysqld_multi stop 3306
[root@~]#  netstat -tnlp|grep 3306         ---输入结果为空表示服务停止正常

2.7.6. testtwo实例初始化 操作实例初始化

[root@~]#  mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --initialize --basedir=/usr/local/mysql/ --user=mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/3307/data/ > /tmp/3307.log 2>&1
[root@~]#  tail -100f /tmp/3307.log

—使用tail命令查看初始化日志，有出现如下内容，即表示初始化完成（其中-pn>t;Ye)Ay6=I即为root用户的临时密码）A temporary password is generated for root@localhost: -pn>t;Ye)Ay6=I 生成ssl文件

[root@~]# mysql_ssl_rsa_setup --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql/3307/data

 启动testwo实例

[root@~]# mysqld_multi start 3307

----使用tail命令查看启动日志，有出现即表示启动成功

[root@~]# tail -100f /data/mysql/3307/logs/error.log
Version: '5.7.28-log'  socket: '/data/mysql/3307/mysql3307.sock'  port: 3307  MySQL Community Server (GPL)

 修改root密码

[root@~]#  less /tmp/3307.log|grep 'A temporary password'
[root@~]#  mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3307/mysql3307.sock
Enter password:
mysql> alter user 'root'@'localhost' identified by '统一密码';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit;

 验证 testtwo root用户统一密码（界面正常输出information_schema内容表示正常）

[root@~]#  mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3307/mysql3307.sock -e "show databases;" | grep information_schema
Enter password:

 停止testtwo实例

[root@~]#  mysqld_multi stop 3307
[root@~]#  netstat -tnlp|grep 3307         ---输入结果为空表示服务停止正常

2.7.7. mysqld_multi多实例管理命令 启动全部实例

[root@~]# mysqld_multi start

 停止单个实例

[root@~]#  mysqld_multi stop 3306
[root@~]#  mysqld_multi stop 3307

 启动单个实例

[root@~]#  mysqld_multi start 3306
[root@~]#  mysqld_multi start 3307

 查看全部实例的状态(is running)

[root@~]#  mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running

 查看单个实例状态

[root@~]#  mysqld_multi report 3306
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running
[root@~]#  mysqld_multi report 3307
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running

 停止全部实例

[root@~]# mysqld_multi stop

2.7.8. 数据导入（1）将待导入的数据库脚本（test.sql、testtwo.sql）文件（名称根据实际情况操作）上传至/data/路径下（2）使用命令确认两实例已经处于运行状态

[root@~]#  mysqld_multi report
Reporting MySQL servers
MySQL server from group: mysqld3306 is running
MySQL server from group: mysqld3307 is running

（3）进入testone的mysql数据库创建testone数据库实例、用户名及密码并导入数据

[root@~]#  cd /data/
[root@~]#  mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql3306.sock
Enter password: 
mysql>create database testone default character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
mysql> grant select,insert,update,delete,create,alter,execute on testone.* to 'testone'@'%' identified by '密码';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit
[root@~]#  mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3306/mysql3306.sock testone < /data/test.sql

（3）进入testtwo的mysql数据库，创建testtwo服务数据库实例、用户名与密码并导入数据

[root@~]#  mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3307/mysql3307.sock
Enter password:
mysql> create database testtwo default character set utf8 collate utf8_bin;
mysql> grant select,insert,update,delete,create,alter,execute on testtwo.* to 'testtwo'@'%' identified by '密码';
mysql> flush privileges;
mysql> exit
[root@~]# mysql -uroot -p -S /data/mysql/3307/mysql3307.sock testtwo < /data/testtwo.sql

2.7.9. 防火墙配置 根据实际要求，添加开放端口

[root@~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3306/tcp --permanent
[root@~]# firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=3307/tcp --permanent

 重新载入

[root@~]# firewall-cmd --reload