监控正常网络连接断开

TCP通信的两方，其中一方正常关闭（调用close函数或程序正常退出）正处于连接状态的TCP套接字，这时双方的TCP将完成协商关闭连接的四次握手，握手结束以后，另一方的应用层将检测到TCP连接对应的套接字可读，执行read函数的时候倘若返回0，则说明对方已经主动断开了TCP连接，这边只需要调用close函数关闭对应套接字，回收相关资源即可。整个过程就是正常网络连接断开的处理过程。    

监控这种正常网络连接断开的情况，使用的最普遍的办法是采用select机制，将所有建立好TCP连接的套接字交给select函数去维护他们的可读状态，select函数维护一组套接字的可读属性，一旦该组集合中有套接字可读，select将返回当前可读的套接字数量，然后调用FD_ISSET宏判断找出当前可读的所有套接字，调用read函数读取这些套接字中的数据，倘若read返回0，即没有读到任何数据，我们则可以断定该连接已经被对端关闭。

下面两个C语言程序分别模拟了服务端跟客户端采用select监控正常网络断开的实际处理方式，先启动server，监听1987端口，再启动client，指定服务器IP，建立连接。可以同时启动多个client连接server，分别结束（Ctrl+C或kill）服务端或客户端，观察客户端或服务端是否能够检测到连接断开。

服务端源代码：server.c

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <sys/types.h>  
#include <sys/socket.h>  
#include <sys/select.h>  
#include <netinet/in.h>  
#include <errno.h>  
  
#define MAX_SESSION 10  
#define MAX_BUF_LEN 1024  
#define PORT 1987  
#define SLEEP_TIME 10  
  
int main(void)  
{  
    int listen_fd;  
    int accept_fd[MAX_SESSION] = {0};  
    struct sockaddr_in addr;  
    struct timeval select_timeval;  
    fd_set readfds;  
    int max_fd;  
    int fd_num;  
    int new_fd;  
    int i;  
    int recv_len;  
    char recvBuf[MAX_BUF_LEN] = {0};  
  
    memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));  
    addr.sin_family = AF_INET;  
    addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);  
    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);  
  
    listen_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);  
    if (listen_fd < 0)  
    {  
        perror("socket");  
        return -1;  
    }  
  
    if (bind(listen_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0)  
    {  
        perror("bind");  
        return -1;  
    }  
  
    if (listen(listen_fd, 3) < 0)  
    {  
        perror("listen");  
        return -1;  
    }  
  
    select_timeval.tv_sec = 0;  
    select_timeval.tv_usec = 0;  
  
    while (1)  
    {  
        FD_ZERO(&readfds);  
        max_fd = listen_fd;  
        FD_SET(listen_fd, &readfds);  
        for (i = 0; i < MAX_SESSION; i++)  
        {  
            if (accept_fd[i] > max_fd)  
                max_fd = accept_fd[i];  
            if (accept_fd[i] > 0)  
                FD_SET(accept_fd[i], &readfds);  
        }  
  
        fd_num = select(max_fd+1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &select_timeval);  
        if (fd_num < 0)  
        {  
            perror("select");  
            return -1;  
        }  
        else if (0 == fd_num)  
        {  
            select_timeval.tv_sec = SLEEP_TIME;  
            select_timeval.tv_usec = 0;  
            printf("select timeout...\n");  
            continue;  
        }  
  
        if (FD_ISSET(listen_fd, &readfds))  
        {  
            new_fd = accept(listen_fd, NULL, NULL);  
            printf("new accept sock: %d\n", new_fd);  
            if (new_fd < 0)  
            {  
                perror("accept");  
                continue;  
            }  
            for (i=0; i<MAX_SESSION; i++)  
            {  
                if (0 == accept_fd[i])  
                {  
                    accept_fd[i] = new_fd;  
                    break;  
                }  
            }  
            if (MAX_SESSION == i)  
            {  
                close(new_fd);  
                printf("beyoned the MAX_SESSION, so closed the new accept sock: %d\n", new_fd);  
            }  
            continue;  
        }  
  
        for (i=0; i<MAX_SESSION; i++)  
        {  
            if (FD_ISSET(accept_fd[i], &readfds))  
            {  
                memset(recvBuf, 0, sizeof(recvBuf));  
                recv_len = read(accept_fd[i], recvBuf, sizeof(recvBuf));  
                if (recv_len > 0)  
                {  
                    printf("Recv msg from sock %d : %s\n", accept_fd[i], recvBuf);  
                }  
                else if (0 == recv_len)  
                {  
                    printf("Disconnected with the sock %d\n", accept_fd[i]);  
                    close(accept_fd[i]);  
                    accept_fd[i] = 0;  
                }  
                else  
                {  
                    perror("read");  
                    close(accept_fd[i]);  
                    accept_fd[i] = 0;  
                }  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    return 0;  
}  

客户端源代码：client.c

#include <stdio.h>  
#include <stdlib.h>  
#include <unistd.h>  
#include <string.h>  
#include <sys/types.h>  
#include <sys/socket.h>  
#include <sys/select.h>  
#include <netinet/in.h>  
#include <arpa/inet.h>  
#include <errno.h>  
  
#define MAX_BUF_LEN 1024  
#define PORT 1987  
#define SLEEP_TIME 10  
  
int main(int argc, char *argv[])  
{  
    int connect_fd;  
    struct sockaddr_in addr;  
    struct timeval select_timeval;  
    fd_set readfds;  
    int fd_num;  
    int recv_len;  
    char recvBuf[MAX_BUF_LEN] = {0};  
  
    if (argc != 2)  
    {  
        printf("Please set the arguments as follow:\n");  
        printf("%s <serverIP>\n", argv[0]);  
        return -1;  
    }  
  
    memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));  
    addr.sin_family = AF_INET;  
    addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);  
    addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);  
  
    connect_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);  
    if (connect_fd < 0)  
    {  
        perror("socket");  
        return -1;  
    }  
  
    if (connect(connect_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0)  
    {  
        perror("connect");  
        close(connect_fd);  
        return -1;  
    }  
  
    select_timeval.tv_sec = 0;  
    select_timeval.tv_usec = 0;  
  
    while (1)  
    {  
        FD_ZERO(&readfds);  
        FD_SET(connect_fd, &readfds);  
  
        fd_num = select(connect_fd+1, &readfds, NULL, NULL, &select_timeval);  
        if (fd_num < 0)  
        {  
            perror("select");  
            return -1;  
        }  
        else if (0 == fd_num)  
        {  
            select_timeval.tv_sec = SLEEP_TIME;  
            select_timeval.tv_usec = 0;  
            printf("select timeout...\n");  
            continue;  
        }  
  
        if (FD_ISSET(connect_fd, &readfds))  
        {  
            memset(recvBuf, 0, sizeof(recvBuf));  
            recv_len = read(connect_fd, recvBuf, sizeof(recvBuf));  
            if (recv_len > 0)  
            {  
                printf("Recv msg from sock %d : %s\n", connect_fd, recvBuf);  
            }  
            else if (0 == recv_len)  
            {  
                printf("Disconnected with the sock %d\n", connect_fd);  
                close(connect_fd);  
                break;  
            }  
            else  
            {  
                perror("read");  
                close(connect_fd);  
                break;  
            }  
        }  
    }  
  
    return 0;  
}