py必备基础知识

1、如何识别字符数字以及空格
用到string库中的三个判断函数isalpha,isdigit,isspace
import string
s = input(‘请输入一列字符’)
a = 0
b = 0
c = 0
d = 0
for i in s:
if i.isalpha():
a +=1
if i.isspace():
b +=1
if i.isdigit():
c +=1
else:
d +=1
print(‘字母是%d,空格是%d,数字是%d,其他字符是%d’%(a,b,c,d))
2、如何使用字符串
s = ‘星期一星期二星期三星期四星期五星期六星期日’
a = int(input(‘请输入一个数字’))
pos = (a-1)*3
print(s[pos:pos+3])
3、mcmc时π的计算
from random import random
from math import sqrt
from time import clock
DARTS =1200
hits = 0
clock()
for i in range(1,DARTS):
x,y = random(),random()
dist = sqrt(x**2 + y**2)
if dist <= 1.0:
hits = hits + 1
pi = 4 *(hits/DARTS)
print(‘pi的时间%s’%pi)
print(‘程序运行时间是%’%clock())