关于spring属性注入和构造函数注入

本文只关注属性注入与构造函数注入，其他注入方式不涉及。

相关类代码：

//测试Bean对象
package com.example.demo;

public class BeanVO {

    private Integer beanField;

    public Integer getBeanField() {
        return beanField;
    }

    public void setBeanField(Integer beanField) {
        this.beanField = beanField;
    }
}

//在系统中配置bean
package com.example.demo;

import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class BeanConfig {

    @Bean
    public BeanVO testBean() {
        BeanVO testBean = new BeanVO();
        testBean.setBeanField(5);
        return testBean;
    }
}

//构造函数注入
package com.example.demo.injection;

import com.example.demo.BeanVO;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ConstructInjectBean {

    //字段注入已不推荐
    private BeanVO beanVO;

    //只有一个参数时构造函数中可以加autowire注解，不加也可以
    public ConstructInjectBean(BeanVO beanVO) {
        this.beanVO = beanVO;
    }

    public BeanVO getBeanVO() {
        return beanVO;
    }
}

//属性注入
package com.example.demo.injection;

import com.example.demo.BeanVO;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class SetInjectBean {

    private BeanVO beanVO;

    //与方法名无关，这里特意未用setBeanVO方法名
    @Autowired
    public void set111BeanVO(BeanVO beanVO) {
        this.beanVO = beanVO;
    }

    public BeanVO getBeanVO() {
        return beanVO;
    }
}

测试代码如下：

//测试两种注入方式
package com.example.demo;

import com.example.demo.injection.ConstructInjectBean;
import com.example.demo.injection.SetInjectBean;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class DemoApplicationTests {

    //test类中可以使用字段注入或属性注入，但不支持构造函数注入（测试类不允许重载构造函数）
    @Autowired
    private ConstructInjectBean constructInjectBean;

    @Autowired
    private SetInjectBean setInjectBean;

    @Test
    public void testConstructInject() {
        assertEquals((long) constructInjectBean.getBeanVO().getBeanField(), 5);
    }

    @Test
    public void testPropertyInject() {
        assertEquals((long) setInjectBean.getBeanVO().getBeanField(), 5);
    }
}

测试结果：

已上两种注入方式均已生效且结果正确。

已上两种方式均正确的前提是ConstructInjectBean类与SetInjectBean类均被@Component注解修饰，如果这两个类本身不是bean的话，bean注入无法实现。

针对上面这段话，看以下例子：

//去掉component注解修饰的构造函数注入示例
package com.example.demo.inherit;

import com.example.demo.BeanVO;

public class ParentConstructInjectBean {

    private BeanVO beanVO;

    public ParentConstructInjectBean(BeanVO beanVO) {
        this.beanVO = beanVO;
    }

    public BeanVO getBeanVO() {
        return beanVO;
    }
}

//一个正常的bean继承上面的非bean类
package com.example.demo.inherit;

import com.example.demo.BeanVO;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class NormalBean extends ParentConstructInjectBean {

    private BeanVO beanVO;

    public NormalBean(BeanVO beanVO) {
        super(beanVO);
        this.beanVO = beanVO;
    }

    //重写get方法
    public BeanVO getBeanVO() {
        beanVO = new BeanVO();
        beanVO.setBeanField(10);
        return beanVO;
    }
}

测试代码：

package com.example.demo;

import com.example.demo.inherit.ParentConstructInjectBean;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;

@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class DemoApplicationTests {

    @Autowired
    private ParentConstructInjectBean parentConstructInjectBean;

    @Test
    public void testInheritInject() {
        assertEquals((long) parentConstructInjectBean.getBeanVO().getBeanField(), 10);
    }
}

测试结果：

测试通过，但此时 ParentConstructInjectBean类依然不是一个bean，测试类中注入的其实是ParentConstructInjectBean类的子类NormalBean，这里可以参考接口注入时其实注入的是接口实现类原理，测试方法testInheritInject中值等于10证明了一点。

以上论述说明非bean类无法通过继承而成为bean类，也无法为非bean类注入。

上段结论对于属性注入同样成立（测试代码及结果不变），其他相关代码如下：

//不带comonent注解的属性注入示例
package com.example.demo.inherit;

import com.example.demo.BeanVO;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;

public class ParentSetInjectBean {

    private BeanVO beanVO;

    //这里的autowire能成功不是因为这个类是bean，而是这个方法会被子类使用，而子类是bean
    //父类接口方法的注解会被继承类继承
    @Autowired
    public void set111BeanVO(BeanVO beanVO) {
        this.beanVO = beanVO;
    }

    public BeanVO getBeanVO() {
        return beanVO;
    }
}

package com.example.demo.inherit;

import com.example.demo.BeanVO;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class NormalBean extends ParentSetInjectBean {

    //重写get方法
    public BeanVO getBeanVO() {
        BeanVO beanVO = super.getBeanVO(); //这里bean的值是5，注入成功
        beanVO.setBeanField(10);
        return beanVO;
    }
}