Objective-C 类集合简介（文档）

类集合是一种设计模型，能够简化程序设计，一般附带一种或几种设计模式或框架。并且拥有大量相关类型，其中包含工厂类及方法，采用面向对象及其它设计模型，让程序设计更加简单与有效。

---

• 创建实例

NSNumber *aChar = [NSNumber numberWithChar:’a’];
NSNumber *anInt = [NSNumber numberWithInt:1];
NSNumber *aFloat = [NSNumber numberWithFloat:1.0];
NSNumber *aDouble = [NSNumber numberWithDouble:1.0];

• 一个小例子，类继承

#import <foundation/foundation.h>
@interface MonthArray : NSArray
{
}
+ monthArray;
- (unsigned)count;
- (id)objectAtIndex:(unsigned)index;
@end

#import "MonthArray.h"
  @implementation MonthArray
static MonthArray *sharedMonthArray = nil;
  static NSString *months[] = { @"January", @"February", @"March",
      @"April", @"May", @"June", @"July", @"August", @"September",
      @"October", @"November", @"December" };
  + monthArray
  {
      if (!sharedMonthArray) {
          sharedMonthArray = [[MonthArray alloc] init];
}
      return sharedMonthArray;
  }
  - (unsigned)count
  {
return 12; }
  - objectAtIndex:(unsigned)index
  {
      if (index >= [self count])
          [NSException raise:NSRangeException format:@"***%s: index
              (%d) beyond bounds (%d)", sel_getName(_cmd), index,
              [self count] - 1];
      else
          return months[index];
}
@end

• 类集成

@interface ValidatingArray : NSMutableArray
  {
      NSMutableArray *embeddedArray;
  }
  + validatingArray;
  - init;
  - (unsigned)count;
  - objectAtIndex:(unsigned)index;
  - (void)addObject:object;
  - (void)replaceObjectAtIndex:(unsigned)index withObject:object;
  - (void)removeLastObject;
  - (void)insertObject:object atIndex:(unsigned)index;
  - (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(unsigned)index;
@end

#import "ValidatingArray.h"
  @implementation ValidatingArray
- init {
      self = [super init];
      if (self) {
          embeddedArray = [[NSMutableArray allocWithZone:[self zone]] init];
      }
    return self;
}

+ validatingArray
  {
      return [[[self alloc] init] autorelease];
  }
  - (unsigned)count
  {
      return [embeddedArray count];
  }
  - objectAtIndex:(unsigned)index
  {
      return [embeddedArray objectAtIndex:index];
  }
  - (void)addObject:object
  {
      if (/* modification is valid */) {
          [embeddedArray addObject:object];
} }
  - (void)replaceObjectAtIndex:(unsigned)index withObject:object;
  {
      if (/* modification is valid */) {
          [embeddedArray replaceObjectAtIndex:index withObject:object];
} }
  - (void)removeLastObject;
  {
      if (/* modification is valid */) {
          [embeddedArray removeLastObject];
} }
  - (void)insertObject:object atIndex:(unsigned)index;
  {
      if (/* modification is valid */) {
          [embeddedArray insertObject:object atIndex:index];
} }
  - (void)removeObjectAtIndex:(unsigned)index;
  {
      if (/* modification is valid */) {
          [embeddedArray removeObjectAtIndex:index];
} }

---

代理，受委托代表“当事人”进行某种”活动“。类的实例就是普通的对象，一般对象都有相应的生命周期，做为一个有生命的个体，因为程序设计和运行需要许多对象相互协作才能完成相应的功能。对象之间存在一种关系，代理。即某类的某些功能由另一个代理类来实现。这样可以降低设计的偶和性，增强程序的稳定性。最常用的就是事件处理，如网络交互，普通用户交互等。这样的设计更加专注，也更加有效，更加贴近用户需求及用户体验与习惯。

数据源，由于采用了MVC模型，数据和视图的分离，加强了数据的可设计性，这让整个程序更加美观和科学。只关注用户数据就可以了，这样的设计更加专一和有效。如表格、列表，不用太过关注用户交互，只是对数据显示的内容进行设计就可以了。