在一个稍大的项目中,通常会有上百个组件,如果这些组件采用xml的bean定义来配置,显然会增加配置文件的体积,查找和维护起来也不太方便。Spring2.5为我们引入了组件自动扫描机制,它可以在类路径下寻找标注了@Component、@Service、@Controller、@Repository注解的类,并把这些类纳入Spring容器中管理。它的作用和在xml文件中使用bean节点配置组件是一样的。要使用自动扫描机制,需配置以下信息:
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
<!-- 组件扫描配置项 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="test.spring" />
</beans>
其中base-package为需要扫描的包
beans4.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beanshttp://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd">
<!-- 组件扫描配置项 -->
<context:component-scan base-package="test.spring" />
</beans>
其中base-package为需要扫描的包
@Service用于标注业务层组件、@Controller用于标注控制层组件(如struts中的action)、@Repository用于标注数据访问组件,即DAO组件、@Component泛指组件,当组件不好归类的时候,可以用这个注解进行标注。
package test.spring.dao.impl;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;
import test.spring.dao.PersonDao;
@Repository
public class PersonDaoBean implements PersonDao {
@Override
public void add(){
System.out.println("执行PersonDaoBean里的test1()方法");
}
}
package test.spring.service.impl;
import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;
import javax.annotation.PreDestroy;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import test.spring.dao.PersonDao;
import test.spring.service.PersonService2;
//@Service
//@Service("personService")
//通过注解的方式修改bean的作用域
//@Service("personService")
//@Scope("prototype")
@Service("personService")
public class PersonServiceBean6 implements PersonService2 {
private PersonDao personDao;
public PersonServiceBean6() {
}
// 通过@PostConstruct注解指定初始化的方法
@PostConstruct
public void init() {
System.out.println("初始化");
}
// 在bean实例被摧毁之前会执行这个方法
@PreDestroy
public void destroy() {
System.out.println("销毁");
}
public void setPersonDao(PersonDao personDao) {
this.personDao = personDao;
}
@Override
public void save() {
personDao.add();
}
}
package test.spring.jnit;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;
import org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext;
import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext;
import test.spring.dao.PersonDao;
import test.spring.service.PersonService2;
public class SpringTest5 {
@Test
public void testAutowired() {
AbstractApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
"beans4.xml");
// PersonService2 personService = (PersonService2) applicationContext
// .getBean("personServiceBean6");// bean的名称默认为类的简单名称
// 原型 @Scope("prototype")
PersonService2 personService1 = (PersonService2) applicationContext
.getBean("personService");// bean的名称默认为类的简单名称
// PersonService2 personService2 = (PersonService2) applicationContext
// .getBean("personService");// bean的名称默认为类的简单名称
System.out.println(personService1);
// System.out.println(personService2);
System.out.println("---------------------------");
// PersonDao personDao = (PersonDao) applicationContext
// .getBean("personDaoBean");
// System.out.println(personDao);
applicationContext.close();
}
}
PersonServiceBean6的注解为prototype
PersonServiceBean6的注解改为单例(默认)