mysql字符编码问题latin1到utf8

测试目的：

java从mysql读取数据并打印

测试环境1

a. hadoop集群某节点的环境是utf8，java代码也是utf8编码

b. 需要读取的mysql服，数据库、数据表均是latin1

运行mysql -u* -p* -A -h 进入mysql服

（一）查看mysql编码的基本方法

 先在mysql下确认原始数据是什么编码，经过下面三步可以确认原始数据是latin1

进入mysql > use db;

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | gbk                        |
| character_set_connection | gbk                        |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | gbk                        |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

// set names的作用是改变三个红色部分的三个参数

mysql> set names 'latin1';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show variables like 'character%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| Variable_name            | Value                      |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+
| character_set_client     | latin1                     |
| character_set_connection | latin1                     |
| character_set_database   | latin1                     |
| character_set_filesystem | binary                     |
| character_set_results    | latin1                     |
| character_set_server     | latin1                     |
| character_set_system     | utf8                       |
| character_sets_dir       | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

Set names 'utf8'等价于下面三条语句

SET character_