LeetCode：solution of shell problems

LeetCode problems下的shell题目(截止发文日期，共有4个shell problem)主要是考察对文本处理命令的熟练程度、具体应用，也涉及到正则表达式的一些知识。

1.Tenth Line

• Description: How would you print just the 10th line of a file? For example, assume that file.txt has the following content.Your script should output the tenth line, which is:Line 10

  Line 1
  Line 2
  Line 3
  Line 4
  Line 5
  Line 6
  Line 7
  Line 8
  Line 9
  Line 10

• Analysis: 就题目本身来说，首先需要考虑文本文件少于10行的情况，然后才是考虑文件中有不少于10行的数据如何输出数据。主要考察怎么得到文本的行数，和输出指定行数的内容。

• Solution: [ `cat file.txt|wc -l` -ge 10 ] && sed -n ‘10p’ file.txt

2.Valid Phone Numbers

• Description: Given a text file file.txt that contains list of phone numbers (one per line), write a one liner bash script to print all valid phone numbers.
  You may assume that a valid phone number must appear in one of the following two formats: (xxx) xxx-xxxx or xxx-xxx-xxxx. (x means a digit)
  You may also assume each line in the text file must not contain leading or trailing white spaces.
  For example, assume that file.txt has the following content:

  987-123-4567
  123 456 7890
  (123) 456-7890

  Your script should output the following valid phone numbers:

  987-123-4567
  (123) 456-7890

• Analysis: 此题就是考察正则表达式的应用，利用grep命令获取匹配正则表达式的行。当然也可以使用sed,awk命令。

• Solution: sed -nr '/^(\\([0-9]{3}\\) |[0-9]{3}-)[0-9]{3}-[0-9]{4}$/p' file.txt

3.Transpose File

• Description: Given a text file file.txt, transpose its content.
  You may assume that each row has the same number of columns and each field is separated by the ’ ’ character.
  For example, if file.txt has the following content:

  name age
  alice 21
  ryan 30

  Output the following:

  name alice ryan
  age 21 30

• Analysis: 题目表达得很明确，我们把输入抽象为一个矩阵模型，简单来说就是求其转置矩阵。在这种需求下，我选用awk工具来实现。awk处理文本的能力十分强大，一方面它支持文本的字段处理，另一方面用户还能利用内建变量、函数和自定义函数来编程实现相应的文本操作。

• Solution: awk -F' ' '
{{for(i=1;i<=NF;i=i+1){array[NR,i]=$i}}}
END{
for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){
for(j=1;j<=NR;j++){
printf("%s",array[j,i]);
if(j<NR){printf(" ")}
};
printf("\n")
}
}' file.txt

4.Word Frequency

• Description: Write a bash script to calculate the frequency of each word in a text file words.txt.
  For simplicity sake, you may assume:
  words.txt contains only lowercase characters and space ’ ’ characters.
  Each word must consist of lowercase characters only.
  Words are separated by one or more whitespace characters.
  For example, assume that words.txt has the following content:

  the day is sunny the the
  the sunny is is

  Your script should output the following, sorted by descending frequency:

  the 4
  is 3
  sunny 2
  day 1

• Analysis: 很自然地想到先将句子拆分为一个个单词，然后再执行统计操作。所以我们先要使用awk工具来做文本的字段处理；为了让uniq命令能够统计所有行中的单词，先用sort命令将输出排序（这里不用sort命令，uniq统计的结果是针对每一行的，具体原因我也不清楚，望知道的看官评论或私信告知一下，THX！）；接着按要求再用一次sort命令按词频降序排列；最后用awk命令来格式化一下输出，满足题目的格式要求。

• Solution: awk -F' ' '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i=i+1){print $i}}' words.txt |sort|uniq -c|sort -nr|awk -F' ' '{printf("%s %s\n",$2,$1)}'

5.总结

这几个题目主要还是考察linux文本处理命令的使用和正则表达式的基础知识。我给出的题目解答不一定是最优的，仅供参考，有更优解答的各位看官，可以评论留言或者私信交流。:)