写在前面:该文档使用7.0版本,8.0版本方法名有所改动,建议看官方文档,整体业务逻辑和原理没什么变动,官网
在Android编程过程中,我们会写大量的布局和点击事件,像初始view、设置view监听这样简单而重复的操作让人觉得麻烦类,所以可以采用注解的方式去实现,而ButterKnife则是注解中相对简单易懂的很不错的开源框架,而网上的文档和例子都过时了,7.0之后的版本改动很大,之前的注解都不能用了,所以借鉴官方文档总结了一下,接下来就介绍一下如何使用。基本参照官方文档,加上自己的心得。
ButterKnife 优势:
1.强大的View绑定和Click事件处理功能,简化代码,提升开发效率
2.方便的处理Adapter里的ViewHolder绑定问题
3.运行时不会影响APP效率,使用配置方便
4.代码清晰,可读性强
使用心得:
1.Activity ButterKnife.bind(this);必须在setContentView();之后,且父类bind绑定后,子类不需要再bind
2.Fragment ButterKnife.bind(this, mRootView);
3.属性布局不能用private or static 修饰,否则会报错
4.setContentView()不能通过注解实现。(其他的有些注解框架可以)
官网http://jakewharton.github.io/butterknife/
使用步骤:
一.导入ButterKnife jar包:
1)如果你是Eclipse,可以去官网下载jar包
2)如果你是AndroidStudio可以直接 File->Project Structure->Dependencies->Library dependency 搜索butterknife即可,第一个就是
3)当然也可以用maven和gradle配置
- MAVEN
- <dependency>
- <groupId>com.jakewharton</groupId>
- <artifactId>butterknife</artifactId>
- <version>(insert latest version)</version>
- </dependency>
- GRADLE
- compile ‘com.jakewharton:butterknife:(insert latest version)’
- Be sure to suppress this lint warning in your build.gradle.(关闭)
- lintOptions {
- disable ‘InvalidPackage’
- }
MAVEN
<dependency>
<groupId>com.jakewharton</groupId>
<artifactId>butterknife</artifactId>
<version>(insert latest version)</version>
</dependency>
GRADLE
compile 'com.jakewharton:butterknife:(insert latest version)'
Be sure to suppress this lint warning in your build.gradle.(关闭)
lintOptions {
disable 'InvalidPackage'
}
注意如果在Library 项目中使用要按如下步骤(github中有具体描述)否则无法找到view:
二.常见使用方法:
1)由于每次都要在Activity中的onCreate绑定Activity,所以个人建议写一个BaseActivity完成绑定,子类继承即可
注:ButterKnife.bind(this);绑定Activity 必须在setContentView之后:
实现如下(FragmentActivity 实现一样):
- public abstract class BaseActivity extends Activity {
- public abstract int getContentViewId();
- @Override
- protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
- setContentView(getContentViewId());
- ButterKnife.bind(this);
- initAllMembersView(savedInstanceState);
- }
- protected abstract void initAllMembersView(Bundle savedInstanceState);
- @Override
- protected void onDestroy() {
- super.onDestroy();
- ButterKnife.unbind(this);//解除绑定,官方文档只对fragment做了解绑
- }
- }
public abstract class BaseActivity extends Activity {
public abstract int getContentViewId();
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(getContentViewId());
ButterKnife.bind(this);
initAllMembersView(savedInstanceState);
}
protected abstract void initAllMembersView(Bundle savedInstanceState);
@Override
protected void onDestroy() {
super.onDestroy();
ButterKnife.unbind(this);//解除绑定,官方文档只对fragment做了解绑
}
}
2)绑定fragment
- public abstract class BaseFragment extends Fragment {
- public abstract int getContentViewId();
- protected Context context;
- protected View mRootView;
- @Nullable
- @Override
- public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
- mRootView =inflater.inflate(getContentViewId(),container,false);
- ButterKnife.bind(this,mRootView);//绑定framgent
- this.context = getActivity();
- initAllMembersView(savedInstanceState);
- return mRootView;
- }
- protected abstract void initAllMembersView(Bundle savedInstanceState);
- @Override
- public void onDestroyView() {
- super.onDestroyView();
- ButterKnife.unbind(this);//解绑
- }
- }
public abstract class BaseFragment extends Fragment {
public abstract int getContentViewId();
protected Context context;
protected View mRootView;
@Nullable
@Override
public View onCreateView(LayoutInflater inflater, @Nullable ViewGroup container, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
mRootView =inflater.inflate(getContentViewId(),container,false);
ButterKnife.bind(this,mRootView);//绑定framgent
this.context = getActivity();
initAllMembersView(savedInstanceState);
return mRootView;
}
protected abstract void initAllMembersView(Bundle savedInstanceState);
@Override
public void onDestroyView() {
super.onDestroyView();
ButterKnife.unbind(this);//解绑
}
}
3)绑定view
- @Bind(R.id.hello_world)
- TextView mHelloWorldTextView;
- @Bind(R.id.app_name)
- TextView mAppNameTextView;//view
@Bind(R.id.hello_world)
TextView mHelloWorldTextView;
@Bind(R.id.app_name)
TextView mAppNameTextView;//view
4)绑定资源
- @BindString(R.string.app_name)
- String appName;//sting
- @BindColor(R.color.red)
- int textColor;//颜色
- @BindDrawable(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
- Drawable drawable;//drawble
- @Bind(R.id.imageview)
- ImageView mImageView;
- @Bind(R.id.checkbox)
- CheckBox mCheckBox;
- @BindDrawable(R.drawable.selector_image)
- Drawable selector;
@BindString(R.string.app_name)
String appName;//sting
@BindColor(R.color.red)
int textColor;//颜色
@BindDrawable(R.mipmap.ic_launcher)
Drawable drawable;//drawble
@Bind(R.id.imageview)
ImageView mImageView;
@Bind(R.id.checkbox)
CheckBox mCheckBox;
@BindDrawable(R.drawable.selector_image)
Drawable selector;
5)Adapter ViewHolder 绑定
- public class TestAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
- private List<String> list;
- private Context context;
- public TestAdapter(Context context, List<String> list) {
- this.list = list;
- this.context = context;
- }
- @Override
- public int getCount() {
- return list==null ? 0 : list.size();
- }
- @Override
- public Object getItem(int position) {
- return list.get(position);
- }
- @Override
- public long getItemId(int position) {
- return position;
- }
- @Override
- public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
- ViewHolder holder;
- if (convertView == null) {
- convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.layout_list_item, null);
- holder = new ViewHolder(convertView);
- convertView.setTag(holder);
- } else {
- holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
- }
- holder.textview.setText(”item=====” + position);
- return convertView;
- }
- static class ViewHolder {
- @Bind(R.id.hello_world)
- TextView textview;
- public ViewHolder(View view) {
- ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
- }
- }
- }
public class TestAdapter extends BaseAdapter {
private List<String> list;
private Context context;
public TestAdapter(Context context, List<String> list) {
this.list = list;
this.context = context;
}
@Override
public int getCount() {
return list==null ? 0 : list.size();
}
@Override
public Object getItem(int position) {
return list.get(position);
}
@Override
public long getItemId(int position) {
return position;
}
@Override
public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
ViewHolder holder;
if (convertView == null) {
convertView = LayoutInflater.from(context).inflate(R.layout.layout_list_item, null);
holder = new ViewHolder(convertView);
convertView.setTag(holder);
} else {
holder = (ViewHolder) convertView.getTag();
}
holder.textview.setText("item=====" + position);
return convertView;
}
static class ViewHolder {
@Bind(R.id.hello_world)
TextView textview;
public ViewHolder(View view) {
ButterKnife.bind(this, view);
}
}
}
6)点击事件的绑定:不用声明view,不用setOnClickLisener()就可以绑定点击事件
a.直接绑定一个方法
- @OnClick(R.id.submit)
- public void submit(View view) {
- // TODO submit data to server…
- }
@OnClick(R.id.submit)
public void submit(View view) {
// TODO submit data to server...
}
b.所有监听方法的参数是可选的
- @OnClick(R.id.submit)
- public void submit() {
- // TODO submit data to server…
- }
@OnClick(R.id.submit)
public void submit() {
// TODO submit data to server...
}
c.定义一个特定类型,它将自动被转换
- @OnClick(R.id.submit)
- public void sayHi(Button button) {
- button.setText(”Hello!”);
- }
@OnClick(R.id.submit)
public void sayHi(Button button) {
button.setText("Hello!");
}
d.多个view统一处理同一个点击事件,很方便,避免抽方法重复调用的麻烦
- @OnClick({ R.id.door1, R.id.door2, R.id.door3 })
- public void pickDoor(DoorView door) {
- if (door.hasPrizeBehind()) {
- Toast.makeText(this, “You win!”, LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- } else {
- Toast.makeText(this, “Try again”, LENGTH_SHORT).show();
- }
- }
@OnClick({ R.id.door1, R.id.door2, R.id.door3 })
public void pickDoor(DoorView door) {
if (door.hasPrizeBehind()) {
Toast.makeText(this, "You win!", LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
Toast.makeText(this, "Try again", LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
e.自定义view可以绑定自己的监听,不指定id
- public class FancyButton extends Button {
- @OnClick
- public void onClick() {
- // TODO do something!
- }
- }
public class FancyButton extends Button {
@OnClick
public void onClick() {
// TODO do something!
}
}
f.给EditText加addTextChangedListener(即添加多回调方法的监听的使用方法),利用指定回调,实现想回调的方法即可,哪个注解不会用点进去看下源码上的注释就会用了
- @OnTextChanged(value = R.id.mobileEditText, callback = OnTextChanged.Callback.BEFORE_TEXT_CHANGED)
- void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count, int after) {
- }
- @OnTextChanged(value = R.id.mobileEditText, callback = OnTextChanged.Callback.TEXT_CHANGED)
- void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {
- }
- @OnTextChanged(value = R.id.mobileEditText, callback = OnTextChanged.Callback.AFTER_TEXT_CHANGED)
- void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {
- }
@OnTextChanged(value = R.id.mobileEditText, callback = OnTextChanged.Callback.BEFORE_TEXT_CHANGED)
void beforeTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int count, int after) {
}
@OnTextChanged(value = R.id.mobileEditText, callback = OnTextChanged.Callback.TEXT_CHANGED)
void onTextChanged(CharSequence s, int start, int before, int count) {
}
@OnTextChanged(value = R.id.mobileEditText, callback = OnTextChanged.Callback.AFTER_TEXT_CHANGED)
void afterTextChanged(Editable s) {
}
7)对一组View进行统一操作
a.装入一个list
- @Bind({ R.id.first_name, R.id.middle_name, R.id.last_name })
- List<EditText> nameViews;
@Bind({ R.id.first_name, R.id.middle_name, R.id.last_name })
List<EditText> nameViews;
b.设置统一处理
- static final ButterKnife.Action<View> DISABLE = new ButterKnife.Action<View>() {
- @Override public void apply(View view, int index) {
- view.setEnabled(false);
- }
- };
- static final ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean> ENABLED = new ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean>() {
- @Override public void set(View view, Boolean value, int index) {
- view.setEnabled(value);
- }
- };
static final ButterKnife.Action<View> DISABLE = new ButterKnife.Action<View>() {
@Override public void apply(View view, int index) {
view.setEnabled(false);
}
};
static final ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean> ENABLED = new ButterKnife.Setter<View, Boolean>() {
@Override public void set(View view, Boolean value, int index) {
view.setEnabled(value);
}
};
c.统一操作处理,例如设置是否可点,属性等
- ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, DISABLE);
- ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, ENABLED, false);
ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, DISABLE);
ButterKnife.apply(nameViews, ENABLED, false);
8)可选绑定:默认情况下,“绑定”和“监听”绑定都是必需的。如果不能找到目标视图,则将抛出异常。所以做空处理
- @Nullable @Bind(R.id.might_not_be_there) TextView mightNotBeThere;
- @Nullable @OnClick(R.id.maybe_missing) void onMaybeMissingClicked() {
- // TODO …
- }
@Nullable @Bind(R.id.might_not_be_there) TextView mightNotBeThere;
@Nullable @OnClick(R.id.maybe_missing) void onMaybeMissingClicked() {
// TODO ...
}
三、代码混淆
- -keep class butterknife.** { *; }
- -dontwarn butterknife.internal.**
- -keep class **
ViewBinder { *; } </span></span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>-keepclasseswithmembernames <span class="keyword">class</span><span> * { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="annotation">@butterknife</span><span>.* <fields>; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>} </span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>-keepclasseswithmembernames <span class="keyword">class</span><span> * { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="annotation">@butterknife</span><span>.* <methods>; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>} </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre code_snippet_id="1551550" snippet_file_name="blog_20160108_16_7440103" name="code" class="java" style="display: none;">-keep class butterknife.** { *; }ViewBinder { *; } -keepclasseswithmembernames class * { @butterknife.* <fields>; } -keepclasseswithmembernames class * { @butterknife.* <methods>; }
-dontwarn butterknife.internal.**
-keep class ** ViewBinder { *; } </span></span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>-keepclasseswithmembernames <span class="keyword">class</span><span> * { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="annotation">@butterknife</span><span>.* <fields>; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>} </span></li><li class=""><span> </span></li><li class="alt"><span>-keepclasseswithmembernames <span class="keyword">class</span><span> * { </span></span></li><li class=""><span> <span class="annotation">@butterknife</span><span>.* <methods>; </span></span></li><li class="alt"><span>} </span></li></ol><div class="save_code tracking-ad" data-mod="popu_249" style="display: none;"><a href="javascript:;"><img src="http://static.blog.csdn.net/images/save_snippets.png"></a></div></div><pre code_snippet_id="1551550" snippet_file_name="blog_20160108_16_7440103" name="code" class="java" style="display: none;">-keep class butterknife.** { *; }-dontwarn butterknife.internal.**-keep class **
四、Zelezny插件的使用
在AndroidStudio->File->Settings->Plugins->搜索Zelezny下载添加就行 ,可以快速生成对应组件的实例对象,不用手动写。使用时,在要导入注解的Activity 或 Fragment 或 ViewHolder的layout资源代码上,右键——>Generate——Generate ButterKnife Injections,然后就出现如图的选择框。(此动态图来自官网)