易学笔记-第1章：socket：套接字/1.1 服务端socket/1.1.1 socket函数：创建套接字

第1章：socket：套接字/1.1 服务端socket/1.1.1 socket函数：创建套接字/1.1.1.1 头文件

• 头文件

1. #include<sys/socket.h>

2. /* Create a new socket of type TYPE in domain DOMAIN, using

      protocol PROTOCOL.  If PROTOCOL is zero, one is chosen automatically.

      Returns a file descriptor for the new socket, or -1 for errors.  */

   extern int socket (int __domain, int __type, int __protocol) __THROW;

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第1章：socket：套接字/1.1 服务端socket/1.1.1 socket函数：创建套接字/1.1.1.2 参数一：__domain 套接字中使用的协议族

• 参数一：套接字中使用的协议族

1. 头文件： #include<bits/socket.h>
2. 几个重要协议：
   1. IPV4互联网协议族（常用）：#define    PF_INET        2    /* IP protocol family.  */
   2. IPV6互联网协议族： #define    PF_INET6    10    /* IP version 6.  */
   3. 本地通信的UNIX协议族：#define    PF_LOCAL    1    /* Local to host (pipes and file-domain).  */
   4. 底层套接字协议族：#define    PF_PACKET    17    /* Packet family.  */
   5. IPX Novell协议族：#define    PF_IPX        4    /* Novell Internet Protocol.  */

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第1章：socket：套接字/1.1 服务端socket/1.1.1 socket函数：创建套接字/1.1.1.3 参数二_：_type套接字类型

• 参数二：套接字类型

1. 头文件：#include<bits/socket_type>

   1. Types of sockets.  */

      enum __socket_type

      {

        SOCK_STREAM = 1,                  /* Sequenced, reliable, connection-based

                                              byte streams.  */

      #define SOCK_STREAM SOCK_STREAM

        SOCK_DGRAM = 2,                   /* Connectionless, unreliable datagrams

                                              of fixed maximum length.  */

      #define SOCK_DGRAM SOCK_DGRAM

        SOCK_RAW = 3,                         /* Raw protocol interface.  */

      #define SOCK_RAW SOCK_RAW

        SOCK_RDM = 4,                        /* Reliably-delivered messages.  */

      #define SOCK_RDM SOCK_RDM

        SOCK_SEQPACKET = 5,            /* Sequenced, reliable, connection-based,

                                              datagrams of fixed maximum length.  */

      #define SOCK_SEQPACKET SOCK_SEQPACKET

        SOCK_DCCP = 6,               /* Datagram Congestion Control Protocol.  */

      #define SOCK_DCCP SOCK_DCCP

        SOCK_PACKET = 10,                 /* Linux specific way of getting packets

                                              at the dev level.  For writing rarp and

                                              other similar things on the user level. */

      #define SOCK_PACKET SOCK_PACKET

        /* Flags to be ORed into the type parameter of socket and socketpair and

           used for the flags parameter of paccept.  */

        SOCK_CLOEXEC = 02000000, /* Atomically set close-on-exec flag for the

                                              new descriptor(s).  */

      #define SOCK_CLOEXEC SOCK_CLOEXEC

        SOCK_NONBLOCK = 00004000       /* Atomically mark descriptor(s) as

                                              non-blocking.  */

      #define SOCK_NONBLOCK SOCK_NONBLOCK

      };

2. 面向连接：
   1. 值：SOCK_STREAM = 1
   2. 特点：
      1. 传输数据不丢失
      2. 传输的数据按发送顺序
      3. 可以监控socket缓冲区，如果满了就暂停传输
      4. 多数的数据没有边界，可以传输较大数据
      5. 可以分多次传输一次接收，也就是多次write，一次read
3. 面向消息：
   1. 值：SOCK_DGRAM = 2
   2. 特点：
      1. 传输数据可能丢失
      2. 传输的数据不按发送顺序，可能后发送的先到
      3. 传输的数据有边界，限制每次传输的数据大小

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第1章：socket：套接字/1.1 服务端socket/1.1.1 socket函数：创建套接字/1.1.1.4 参数三: __protocol 协议

• 参数三：协议

1. 头文件：#include<netinet/in.h>
2. 这个和第二个参数（ 第1章：socket：套接字/1.1 服务端socket/1.1.1 socket函数：创建套接字/1.1.1.4 参数二：套接字类型）有关，如果是SOCK_STREAM = 1，则可以指定IPPROTO_TCP = 6；如果是SOCK_DGRAM = 2，则可以指定IPPROTO_UDP = 6

3. /* Standard well-defined IP protocols.  */

   enum

     {

      //默认

       IPPROTO_IP = 0,     /* Dummy protocol for TCP.  */

   #define IPPROTO_IP                  IPPROTO_IP

       IPPROTO_ICMP = 1,        /* Internet Control Message Protocol.  */

   #define IPPROTO_ICMP            IPPROTO_ICMP

       IPPROTO_IGMP = 2,        /* Internet Group Management Protocol. */

   #define IPPROTO_IGMP           IPPROTO_IGMP

       IPPROTO_IPIP = 4,           /* IPIP tunnels (older KA9Q tunnels use 94).  */

   #define IPPROTO_IPIP              IPPROTO_IPIP

       //指定TCP

       IPPROTO_TCP = 6,           /* Transmission Control Protocol.  */

   #define IPPROTO_TCP               IPPROTO_TCP

       IPPROTO_EGP = 8,           /* Exterior Gateway Protocol.  */

   #define IPPROTO_EGP              IPPROTO_EGP

   IPPROTO_PUP = 12,            /* PUP protocol.  */

   #define IPPROTO_PUP              IPPROTO_PUP

   //指定UDP

       IPPROTO_UDP = 17,        /* User Datagram Protocol.  */

   #define IPPROTO_UDP             IPPROTO_UDP

       IPPROTO_IDP = 22,         /* XNS IDP protocol.  */

   #define IPPROTO_IDP               IPPROTO_IDP

       IPPROTO_TP = 29,           /* SO Transport Protocol Class 4.  */

   #define IPPROTO_TP                 IPPROTO_TP

       IPPROTO_DCCP = 33,      /* Datagram Congestion Control Protocol.  */

   #define IPPROTO_DCCP            IPPROTO_DCCP

       IPPROTO_IPV6 = 41,     /* IPv6 header.  */

   #define IPPROTO_IPV6             IPPROTO_IPV6

       IPPROTO_RSVP = 46,      /* Reservation Protocol.  */

   #define IPPROTO_RSVP            IPPROTO_RSVP

       IPPROTO_GRE = 47,        /* General Routing Encapsulation.  */

   #define IPPROTO_GRE              IPPROTO_GRE

       IPPROTO_ESP = 50,      /* encapsulating security payload.  */

   #define IPPROTO_ESP               IPPROTO_ESP

       IPPROTO_AH = 51,       /* authentication header.  */

   #define IPPROTO_AH                IPPROTO_AH

       IPPROTO_MTP = 92,       /* Multicast Transport Protocol.  */

   #define IPPROTO_MTP             IPPROTO_MTP

       IPPROTO_BEETPH = 94,   /* IP option pseudo header for BEET.  */

   #define IPPROTO_BEETPH                IPPROTO_BEETPH

       IPPROTO_ENCAP = 98,             /* Encapsulation Header.  */

   #define IPPROTO_ENCAP                  IPPROTO_ENCAP

       IPPROTO_PIM = 103,      /* Protocol Independent Multicast.  */

   #define IPPROTO_PIM              IPPROTO_PIM

       IPPROTO_COMP = 108,           /* Compression Header Protocol.  */

   #define IPPROTO_COMP          IPPROTO_COMP

       IPPROTO_SCTP = 132,     /* Stream Control Transmission Protocol.  */

   #define IPPROTO_SCTP             IPPROTO_SCTP

       IPPROTO_UDPLITE = 136, /* UDP-Lite protocol.  */

   #define IPPROTO_UDPLITE               IPPROTO_UDPLITE

       IPPROTO_RAW = 255,    /* Raw IP packets.  */

   #define IPPROTO_RAW            IPPROTO_RAW

       IPPROTO_MAX

     };