线程锁的基本概念与简单封装

线程锁的基本概念与简单封装



1.在多线程环境中,当我们需要保持线程同步时,通常通过锁来实现。

互斥锁的使用过程中,主要有
第一:线程锁的初始化,pthread_mutex_init
第二:线程锁的释放,pthread_mutex_destory
第三:线程锁的加锁操作,pthread_mutex_lock
第四:线程锁的解锁操作,pthread_mutex_unlock




2.锁的初始化


我们可以采用静态或者动态的方法创建锁锁。


第一:静态创建,无需释放操作
可以用宏PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER来静态的初始化锁,互斥锁是pthread_mutex_t的结构体,
而这个宏是一个结构常量,如下可以完成静态的初始化锁:


pthread_mutex_t mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;


第二:动态创建,需要释放操作


(1) 初始化函数, pthread_mutex_init原函数类型如下:
int pthread_mutex_init(pthread_mutex_t *mutex, const pthread_mutexattr_t * attr)


具体操作为:
pthread_mutex_t m_Mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;


(2) 释放函数 pthread_mutex_destory可以释放锁占用的资源,但这有一个前提上锁当前是没有被锁的状态。
原函数类型如下:
int pthread_mutex_destroy(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
mutex 指向要销毁的互斥锁的指针,互斥锁销毁函数在执行成功后返回 0,否则返回错误码。


具体操作为:
pthread_mutex_init(&mutex,NULL);
pthread_mutex_destroy(&mutex);


3.加锁与解锁

pthread_mutex_trylock()为尝试锁,如果已经加锁则直接返回EBUSY,
而pthread_mutex_lock(),则是挂起等待。


int pthread_mutex_lock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
int pthread_mutex_unlock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)
int pthread_mutex_trylock(pthread_mutex_t *mutex)




4.线程锁的简单封装

思路:

互斥器放在类外,外部初始化互斥器,然后传进互斥器(第一、二种方法)

互斥器放在类内,内部直接初始化互斥器,然后使用互斥器(第三种方法)


(1) 第一种,静态初始化,同时进行资源管理,保证自动释放锁 (此种方式最好,如果动态初始化,也一样)

/*

      *  Lock.h

*/

#ifndef LOCK_H_
#define LOCK_H_

#include <pthread.h>

class Lock
{

public:
    Lock(pthread_mutex_t* m_Mutex);
    ~Lock();

    void mutexLock();
    void mutexUnlock();

private:
    pthread_mutex_t* m_Mutex;
};

#endif   //LOCK_H_



/*

      *  Lock.cpp

*/

#include "Lock.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>


Lock::Lock(pthread_mutex_t* m_Mutex):m_Mutex(m_Mutex)
{
    mutexLock();
}

Lock::~Lock()
{
    mutexUnlock();
}


void Lock::mutexLock()
{
    //非空,则进行加锁操作,关于指针,每次操作前最好确定进行非空判断,保证程序不会中断
    if(this->m_Mutex)          
    {
        pthread_mutex_lock(this->m_Mutex); 
    }  
}


void Lock::mutexUnlock()
{
    //非空,则进行解锁锁操作,关于指针,每次操作前最好确定进行非空判断,保证程序不会中断
    if(this->m_Mutex)
    {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(this->m_Mutex);
    } 
}




/*

      *  main.cpp

*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include "Lock.h"

pthread_mutex_t m_Mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;                   //静态初始化,类外初始化


void *testMsg(void *testMsg)
{
    char *msg = (char *)testMsg;
    
    Lock test_lock(&m_Mutex);                                //创建锁对象时,需要把互斥器传进去,进行资源管理,无需手动解锁,过了作用域自动解锁
    for(int i=0; i< 5; i++ )
    {
        printf("testMsg(%d): %s\n", i+1, msg);
        sleep(1);
    }


    return NULL;
}


int main()
{
    pthread_t test1,test2;


    //创建两个工作线程
    pthread_create( &test1, NULL, &testMsg, (void *)"First thread");       
    pthread_create( &test2, NULL, &testMsg, (void *)"Second thread");        


    //等待线程结束                                             
    pthread_join( test1, NULL);                               
    pthread_join( test2, NULL);                               


    return 0;                                             
}    



/*

      *  Makefile

*/



main:Lock.o main.o
g++ main.o Lock.o -L/usr/lib64/ -lcurl -o main

Lock.o:Lock.cpp
g++ -c Lock.cpp -o Lock.o -I/usr/include/

main.o:main.cpp

g++ -c main.cpp -o main.o -I/usr/include/



结果:顺序输出

testMsg(1): Second thread
testMsg(2): Second thread
testMsg(3): Second thread
testMsg(4): Second thread
testMsg(5): Second thread
testMsg(1): First thread
testMsg(2): First thread
testMsg(3): First thread
testMsg(4): First thread
testMsg(5): First thread





(2) 第二种,静态初始化,只进行简单封装, 没有进行资源管理

/*

      *  Lock.h

*/

#ifndef LOCK_H_
#define LOCK_H_

#include <pthread.h>

class Lock
{

public:
    Lock(pthread_mutex_t* m_Mutex);
    ~Lock();

    int mutexLock();
    int mutexUnlock();

private:
    pthread_mutex_t* m_Mutex;
};

#endif   //LOCK_H_



/*

      *  Lock.cpp

*/

#include "Lock.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>

Lock::Lock(pthread_mutex_t* m_Mutex):m_Mutex(m_Mutex)
{


}


Lock::~Lock()
{


}


int Lock::mutexLock()
{
if(this->m_Mutex)
    {
        pthread_mutex_lock(this->m_Mutex);
    }

}


int Lock::mutexUnlock()
{
    if(this->m_Mutex)
    {
        pthread_mutex_unlock(this->m_Mutex);
    }
}




/*

      *  main.cpp

*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include "Lock.h"


pthread_mutex_t g_Mutex = PTHREAD_MUTEX_INITIALIZER;          //静态初始化
Lock test_lock(&g_Mutex);                                 //创建锁对象


void *testMsg(void *testMsg)
{
    char *msg = (char *)testMsg;


    test_lock.mutexLock();                         //加锁,需手动解锁


    for(int i=0; i< 5; i++ )
    {
        printf("testMsg(%d): %s\n", i+1 ,msg);
        sleep( 1 );
    }
     test_lock.mutexUnlock();                      //解锁
 

    return NULL;
}


int main()
{
    pthread_t test1,test2;


    //创建两个工作线程
    pthread_create( &test1, NULL, &testMsg, (void *)"First thread" );       
    pthread_create( &test2, NULL, &testMsg, (void *)"Second thread" );        


    //等待线程结束                                             
    pthread_join( test1, NULL);                               
    pthread_join( test2, NULL);                               


    return 0;                                             
}    




/*

      *  Makefile

*/


main:Lock.o main.o
g++ main.o Lock.o -L/usr/lib64/ -lcurl -o main

Lock.o:Lock.cpp
g++ -c Lock.cpp -o Lock.o -I/usr/include/

main.o:main.cpp
g++ -c main.cpp -o main.o -I/usr/include/



结果:顺序输出

testMsg(1): Second thread
testMsg(2): Second thread
testMsg(3): Second thread
testMsg(4): Second thread
testMsg(5): Second thread
testMsg(1): First thread
testMsg(2): First thread
testMsg(3): First thread
testMsg(4): First thread
testMsg(5): First thread





(3) 第三种,动态初始化,只进行简单封装,没有进行资源管理

/*

      *  Lock.h

*/


#ifndef LOCK_H_
#define LOCK_H_


#include <pthread.h>

class Lock
{

public:
    Lock();
    ~Lock();
    int mutexLock();
    int mutexUnlock();

private:
    void mutexInit();
    void mutexDestroy();

private:
    pthread_mutex_t m_Mutex;
};


#endif   //LOCK_H_





/*

      *  Lock.cpp

*/

#include "Lock.h"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <errno.h>


Lock::Lock()
{
    mutexInit();
}


Lock::~Lock()
{
    mutexDestroy();
}


void Lock::mutexInit()
{

    pthread_mutex_init(&m_Mutex, NULL);

}


int Lock::mutexLock()
{

    pthread_mutex_lock(&m_Mutex);
   
}


int Lock::mutexUnlock()
{

    pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_Mutex);
    
}


void Lock::mutexDestroy()
{

    pthread_mutex_destroy(&m_Mutex);
    
}






/*

      *  main.cpp

*/

#include <stdio.h>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include "Lock.h"

Lock g_Mutex;          //创建锁对象,内部初始化互斥器

void *testMsg(void *testMsg)
{
    char *msg = (char *)testMsg;


    g_Mutex.mutexLock();               //加锁


    for(int i=0; i< 5; i++ )
    {
        printf("testMsg(%d):%s\n", i+1, msg);
        sleep( 1 );
    }


    g_Mutex.mutexUnlock();         //解锁


    return NULL;
}


int main()
{
    pthread_t test1,test2;


    //创建两个工作线程
    pthread_create( &test1, NULL, &testMsg, (void *)"First thread" );       
    pthread_create( &test2, NULL, &testMsg, (void *)"Second thread" );        


    //等待线程结束                                             
    pthread_join( test1, NULL);                               
    pthread_join( test2, NULL);                               

    return 0;                                             
}    




/*

      *  Makefile

*/



main:Lock.o main.o
g++ main.o Lock.o -L/usr/lib64/ -lcurl -o main

Lock.o:Lock.cpp
g++ -c Lock.cpp -o Lock.o -I/usr/include/

main.o:main.cpp
g++ -c main.cpp -o main.o -I/usr/include/




结果:顺序输出

testMsg(1): Second thread
testMsg(2): Second thread
testMsg(3): Second thread
testMsg(4): Second thread
testMsg(5): Second thread
testMsg(1): First thread
testMsg(2): First thread
testMsg(3): First thread
testMsg(4): First thread
testMsg(5): First thread







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