LeetCode - Medium - 12. Integer to Roman

Topic

• Math
• String

Description

https://leetcode.com/problems/integer-to-roman/

Roman numerals are represented by seven different symbols: I, V, X, L, C, D and M.

Symbol       Value
I             1
V             5
X             10
L             50
C             100
D             500
M             1000

For example, 2 is written as II in Roman numeral, just two one’s added together. 12 is written as XII, which is simply X + II. The number 27 is written as XXVII, which is XX + V + II.

Roman numerals are usually written largest to smallest from left to right. However, the numeral for four is not IIII. Instead, the number four is written as IV. Because the one is before the five we subtract it making four. The same principle applies to the number nine, which is written as IX. There are six instances where subtraction is used:

• I can be placed before V (5) and X (10) to make 4 and 9.
• X can be placed before L (50) and C (100) to make 40 and 90.
• C can be placed before D (500) and M (1000) to make 400 and 900.

Given an integer, convert it to a roman numeral.

Example 1:

Input: num = 3
Output: "III"

Example 2:

Input: num = 4
Output: "IV"

Example 3:

Input: num = 9
Output: "IX"

Example 4:

Input: num = 58
Output: "LVIII"
Explanation: L = 50, V = 5, III = 3.

Example 5:

Input: num = 1994
Output: "MCMXCIV"
Explanation: M = 1000, CM = 900, XC = 90 and IV = 4.

Constraints:

• 1 <= num <= 3999

Analysis

略

Submission

public class IntegerToRoman {

	// 方法一：我写的
	public String intToRoman1(int num) {
		if (num < 1 || num > 3999)
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.valueOf(num));

		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		int digit = 0;
		while (num > 0) {
			int n1 = num % 10;
			if (n1 != 0) {
				int n2 = n1 * (int) Math.pow(10, digit);
				sb.insert(0, map(n2));
			}
			digit++;
			num /= 10;
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	private String map(int num) {
		if (0 < num && num <= 3)
			return repeat("I", num);
		if (num == 4)
			return "IV";
		if (5 <= num && num <= 8)
			return "V" + repeat("I", num - 5);
		if (num == 9)
			return "IX";
		if (10 <= num && num <= 30)
			return repeat("X", num / 10);
		if (num == 40)
			return "XL";
		if (50 <= num && num <= 80)
			return "L" + repeat("X", num / 10 - 5);
		if (num == 90)
			return "XC";
		if (100 <= num && num <= 300)
			return repeat("C", num / 100);
		if (num == 400)
			return "CD";
		if (500 <= num && num <= 800)
			return "D" + repeat("C", num / 100 - 5);
		if (num == 900)
			return "CM";
		if (1000 <= num && num <= 3000)
			return repeat("M", num / 1000);

		return "";
	}

	private String repeat(String str, int num) {
		if (num < 1)
			return "";
		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
		for (int i = 0; i < num; i++) {
			sb.append(str);
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	// 方法二：挺巧妙的
	public String intToRoman2(int num) {
		int[] values = { 1000, 900, 500, 400, 100, 90, 50, 40, 10, 9, 5, 4, 1 };
		String[] strs = { "M", "CM", "D", "CD", "C", "XC", "L", "XL", "X", "IX", "V", "IV", "I" };

		StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();

		for (int i = 0; i < values.length; i++) {
			while (num >= values[i]) {
				num -= values[i];
				sb.append(strs[i]);
			}
		}
		return sb.toString();
	}

	// 方法三：
	public String intToRoman3(int num) {
		String M[] = { "", "M", "MM", "MMM" };
		String C[] = { "", "C", "CC", "CCC", "CD", "D", "DC", "DCC", "DCCC", "CM" };
		String X[] = { "", "X", "XX", "XXX", "XL", "L", "LX", "LXX", "LXXX", "XC" };
		String I[] = { "", "I", "II", "III", "IV", "V", "VI", "VII", "VIII", "IX" };
		return M[num / 1000] + C[(num % 1000) / 100] + X[(num % 100) / 10] + I[num % 10];
	}

}

Test

import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import org.junit.Test;

public class IntegerToRomanTest {

	@Test
	public void test() {
		IntegerToRoman obj = new IntegerToRoman();

		assertEquals("III", obj.intToRoman1(3));
		assertEquals("IV", obj.intToRoman1(4));
		assertEquals("IX", obj.intToRoman1(9));
		assertEquals("LVIII", obj.intToRoman1(58));
		assertEquals("MCMXCIV", obj.intToRoman1(1994));

		assertEquals("III", obj.intToRoman2(3));
		assertEquals("IV", obj.intToRoman2(4));
		assertEquals("IX", obj.intToRoman2(9));
		assertEquals("LVIII", obj.intToRoman2(58));
		assertEquals("MCMXCIV", obj.intToRoman2(1994));

		assertEquals("III", obj.intToRoman3(3));
		assertEquals("IV", obj.intToRoman3(4));
		assertEquals("IX", obj.intToRoman3(9));
		assertEquals("LVIII", obj.intToRoman3(58));
		assertEquals("MCMXCIV", obj.intToRoman3(1994));
		
	}
}