1.1 使用HINT强制嵌套循环方式连接两个表
select /*+leading(t1) use_nl(t2) */*
from t1,t2
where t1.id = t2.t1_id
and t1.n = 19;
1.2 执行结果
SCOTT@ orcl>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats last'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID fuqy42vhj5n6k, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select /*+leading(t1) use_nl(t2) */* from t1,t2 where t1.id = t2.t1_id and
t1.n = 19
Plan hash value: 1967407726
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 1014 |
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 8 |
|* 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 1006 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
2 - filter("T1"."N"=19)
3 - filter("T1"."ID"="T2"."T1_ID")
Note
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
- dynamic sampling used for this statement
25 rows selected.
结果可知:无索引的情况下 Buffers产生了1014。
2.1 不使用HINT时,oracle本身会选择哈希连接select *
from t1,t2
where t1.id = t2.t1_id
and t1.n = 19;
2.2 查看执行结果
SCOTT@ orcl>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats last'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID agmm8r3nv4gcg, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select * from t1,t2 where t1.id = t2.t1_id and t1.n = 19
Plan hash value: 1838229974
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | OMem | 1Mem | Used-Mem |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.83 | 1013 | 741K| 741K| 306K (0)|
|* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 7 | | | |
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T2 | 1 | 102K| 100K|00:00:00.20 | 1006 | | | |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
1 - access("T1"."ID"="T2"."T1_ID")
2 - filter("T1"."N"=19)
Note
-----
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- dynamic sampling used for this statement
24 rows selected.
使用HINT时,Buffers 产生了 1014
Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers |
| 1 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 1014 |
不使用HINT时,Buffers 产生了 1020 。即使产生的buffers比NESTED LOOPS多,编译器还是选择了HASH JOIN。
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | OMem | 1Mem | Used-Mem |
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|* 1 | HASH JOIN | | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.83 | 1013 | 741K| 741K| 306K (0)|
|* 2 | TABLE ACCESS FULL| T1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 7 | | | |
3.1 在t1的n列上建立索引
SCOTT@ orcl>create index t1_n on t1(n);
Index created
select /*+leading(t1) use_nl(t2) */*
from t1,t2
where t1.id = t2.t1_id
and t1.n = 19;
3.2 查看执行结果
SCOTT@ orcl>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats last'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID fuqy42vhj5n6k, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select /*+leading(t1) use_nl(t2) */* from t1,t2 where t1.id = t2.t1_id and t1.n = 19
Plan hash value: 76617097
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 1009 |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 3 |
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
|* 3 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | T1_N | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 2 |
|* 4 | TABLE ACCESS FULL | T2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 1006 |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
3 - access("T1"."N"=19)
4 - filter("T1"."ID"="T2"."T1_ID")
Note
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-----
- dynamic sampling used for this statement
25 rows selected.
在t1的n列上建立索引之后,产生的Buffers:1012
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 1009 |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 3 |
没有建索引之前产生的Buffers:1014
Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 1014 |
建立索引易后,性能方面有了少许的提升。
两者之间的差异在于t1表,
无索引:TABLE ACCESS FULL 8
有索引:INDEX RANGE SCAN 2
SCOTT@ orcl>create index t2_t1_id on t2(t1_id);
Index created
select /*+leading(t1) use_nl(t2) */*
from t1,t2
where t1.id = t2.t1_id
and t1.n = 19;
4.2 查看执行计划
SCOTT@ orcl>select * from table(dbms_xplan.display_cursor(null,null,'allstats last'));
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SQL_ID fuqy42vhj5n6k, child number 0
-------------------------------------
select /*+leading(t1) use_nl(t2) */* from t1,t2 where t1.id = t2.t1_id and t1.n = 19
Plan hash value: 2669480776
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | Reads |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | T2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 7 | 1 |
| 2 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 1 | 3 |00:00:00.01 | 6 | 1 |
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 3 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 3 | 0 |
|* 4 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | T1_N | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 2 | 0 |
|* 5 | INDEX RANGE SCAN | T2_T1_ID | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 3 | 1 |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Predicate Information (identified by operation id):
---------------------------------------------------
4 - access("T1"."N"=19)
5 - access("T1"."ID"="T2"."T1_ID")
PLAN_TABLE_OUTPUT
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Note
-----
- dynamic sampling used for this statement
26 rows selected.
之前建立的索引
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 1009 |
| 2 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID| T1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 3 |
新增的索引之后,buffers从1012降到了7。性能有了巨大提升。
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Id | Operation | Name | Starts | E-Rows | A-Rows | A-Time | Buffers | Reads |
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| 1 | TABLE ACCESS BY INDEX ROWID | T2 | 1 | 1 | 1 |00:00:00.01 | 7 | 1 |
| 2 | NESTED LOOPS | | 1 | 1 | 3 |00:00:00.01 | 6 | 1 |
适合Nested Loop连接的场合:
1 两表关联返回的记录不多。
最理想的情况:驱动表结果集仅返回1条或几条记录,而被驱动表也只匹配了1条或几条记录。即使两个表的数据量巨大,查询速度也是很迅速的。
2.遇到一些不等值查询导致哈希和排序合并连接被限制使用,不得已才使用Nested Loop连接
建立索引的场合:
1.驱动表(t1)的限制条件(n)所在的列建索引(t1_n)
2.被驱动表(t2)的连接条件(t1_id)所在的列建索引(t2_t1_id)