AIDL Service，跨进程调用Services

一、AIDL Service简介
Android系统中，各个应用都运行在自己的进程中，进程之间一般无法直接进行通信，为了实现进程通信，Android提供了AIDL Service；

二、与本地Service不同 

本地Service：直接把IBinder对象本身传递给客户端的ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected方法的第二个参数； 
远程Service：只将IBinder对象的代理传给客户端的ServiceConnection的onServiceConnected方法的第二个参数； 
三、AIDL文件
Android需要AIDL（Android Interface Definition Language）来定义远程接口，这种接口定义语言并不是一种真正的变成语言，只是定义两个进程之间的通信接口；
与Java接口相似，但是存在如下几点差异：
AIDL定义接口的源代码必须以.aidl结尾；  
AIDL用到的数据类型，除了基本类型、String、List、Map、CharSequence之外，其它类型全部都需要导包，即使它们在同一个包中也需要导包；
四、例子：

1. 创建AIDL文件,定义好的AIDL文件后，ADT工具会自动在gen目录下生成一个AIDL.java接口，该类内部包含一个Stub内部类，实现了IBinder，AIDL里面的接口，这个Stub类会作为远程Service回调类：

IMyService.aidl
package com.juno.serviceaidltest;  
  
import com.juno.serviceaidltest.Product;  
interface IMyService    
{    
    String getValue();  
    Map getMap(in String country, in Product product);    
    Product getProduct();  
}  

Product.aidl
parcelable Product; 

Product.java
package com.juno.serviceaidltest;  
  
import android.os.Parcel;  
import android.os.Parcelable;  
  
public class Product implements Parcelable {  
    private int id;  
    private String name;  
    private float price;  
    public static final Parcelable.Creator<Product> CREATOR = new Parcelable.Creator<Product>() {  
        public Product createFromParcel(Parcel in) {  
            return new Product(in);  
        }  
  
        public Product[] newArray(int size) {  
            return new Product[size];  
        }  
    };  
  
    public Product() {  
  
    }  
  
    private Product(Parcel in) {  
        readFromParcel(in);  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public int describeContents() {  
        return 0;  
    }  
  
    public void readFromParcel(Parcel in) {  
        id = in.readInt();  
        name = in.readString();  
        price = in.readFloat();  
  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void writeToParcel(Parcel dest, int flags) {  
        dest.writeInt(id);  
        dest.writeString(name);  
        dest.writeFloat(price);  
  
    }  
  
    public int getId() {  
        return id;  
    }  
  
    public void setId(int id) {  
        this.id = id;  
    }  
  
    public String getName() {  
        return name;  
    }  
  
    public void setName(String name) {  
        this.name = name;  
    }  
  
    public float getPrice() {  
        return price;  
    }  
  
    public void setPrice(float price) {  
        this.price = price;  
    }  
  
}  

2. 将接口暴露给客户端

MyService.java
package com.juno.serviceaidltest;  
  
import java.util.HashMap;  
import java.util.Map;  
  
import android.app.Service;  
import android.content.Intent;  
import android.os.IBinder;  
import android.os.RemoteException;  
  
public class MyService extends Service {  
    /** 
     * 继承Stub,也就是实现了IMyService接口，并实现了IBinder接口 
     */  
    public class MyServiceImpl extends IMyService.Stub {  
  
        @Override  
        public String getValue() throws RemoteException {  
            return "Test Value";  
        }  
  
        @Override  
        public Map<String, Object> getMap(String country, Product product)  
                throws RemoteException {  
            Map<String, Object> map = new HashMap<String, Object>();  
            map.put("country", country);  
            map.put("id", product.getId());  
            map.put("name", product.getName());  
            map.put("price", product.getPrice());  
            map.put("product", product);  
            return map;  
        }  
  
        @Override  
        public Product getProduct() throws RemoteException {  
            Product product = new Product();  
            product.setId(1234);  
            product.setName("汽车");  
            product.setPrice(31000);  
            return product;  
        }  
  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {  
        /** 
         * 返回MyServiceImpl对象，在绑定本地Service情况下，该MyServiceImpl会直接传给客户端的ServiceConnected对象的ServiceConnected()方法的第二个参数；在绑定远程Service的情况下，只将MyServiceImpl对象的代理传给客户端的ServiceConnected对象的ServiceConnected()方法的第二个参数 
         */  
        return new MyServiceImpl();  
    }  
  
}  

3.  在AndroidManifext.xml文件中配置该Service:

<service android:name=".MyService" >  
            <intent-filter>  
                <action android:name="com.juno.serviceaidltest.IService" />  
            </intent-filter>  
        </service>

4. 在Activity里访问 AIDLService,如果不在同一个App下面访问，需要将Service端的AIDL文件复制到客户端中，并在相同的包名下：

MainActivity.java
package com.juno.serviceanotheraidltest;  
  
import android.app.Activity;  
import android.content.ComponentName;  
import android.content.Context;  
import android.content.Intent;  
import android.content.ServiceConnection;  
import android.os.Bundle;  
import android.os.IBinder;  
import android.os.RemoteException;  
import android.util.Log;  
import android.view.View;  
import android.widget.Button;  
import android.widget.TextView;  
  
import com.juno.serviceaidltest.IMyService;  
  
public class MainActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {  
  
    private final static String ACTION = "com.juno.serviceaidltest.IService";  
    private IMyService myService = null;  
    private Button mBtnInvokeAIDLService;  
    private Button mBtnBindAIDLService;  
    private TextView mTextView;  
    private ServiceConnection mServiceConnection = new ServiceConnection() {  
  
        @Override  
        public void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) {  
            //获取远程Service的onBinder方法返回的对象代理  
            myService = IMyService.Stub.asInterface(service);  
            mBtnInvokeAIDLService.setEnabled(true);  
              
            try {  
                Log.v("juno", myService.getValue());  
            } catch (RemoteException e) {  
                e.printStackTrace();  
            }  
        }  
  
        @Override  
        public void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) {  
            myService = null;  
        }  
    };  
      
    @Override  
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {  
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);  
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);  
        initView();  
    }  
  
    private void initView() {  
        mBtnInvokeAIDLService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnInvokeAIDLService);    
        mBtnBindAIDLService = (Button) findViewById(R.id.btnBindAIDLService);    
        mBtnInvokeAIDLService.setEnabled(false);    
        mTextView = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.textView1);    
        mBtnInvokeAIDLService.setOnClickListener(this);    
        mBtnBindAIDLService.setOnClickListener(this);         
    }  
  
    @Override  
    public void onClick(View view) {  
        switch (view.getId()) {  
        case R.id.btnBindAIDLService:  
            //创建所需要绑定的Service的Intent，绑定远程的服务  
            bindService(new Intent(ACTION), mServiceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE);  
            break;  
  
        case R.id.btnInvokeAIDLService:  
            try {  
                String s = myService.getValue();    
                s = "Product.id = " + myService.getProduct().getId() + "\n";    
                s += "Product.name = " + myService.getProduct().getName()    
                        + "\n";    
                s += "Product.price = " + myService.getProduct().getPrice()    
                        + "\n";    
                    
                s += myService.getMap("China", myService.getProduct()).toString();   
                mTextView.setText(myService.asBinder().isBinderAlive() + "  " + s);  
            } catch (Exception e) {  
  
            }  
            break;  
        }  
  
    }  
  
    @Override  
    protected void onDestroy() {  
        super.onDestroy();  
        if (myService != null) {  
            //解除绑定  
            unbindService(mServiceConnection);  
        }  
    }  
      
}  

布局文件

activity_main.xml
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"  
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"  
    android:layout_width="match_parent"  
    android:layout_height="match_parent"  
    android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"  
    android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"  
    android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"  
    android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"  
    tools:context=".MainActivity" >  
  
    <TextView  
        android:id="@+id/textView1"  
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:text="@string/hello_world" />  
  
    <Button  
        android:id="@+id/btnBindAIDLService"  
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_below="@id/textView1"  
        android:text="btnBindAIDLService" />  
      
    <Button  
        android:id="@+id/btnInvokeAIDLService"  
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"  
        android:layout_below="@id/btnBindAIDLService"  
        android:text="btnInvokeAIDLService" />  
      
</RelativeLayout>