Retrofit的简单使用

Retrofit是REST安卓客户端请求库。使用Retrofit可以进行GET，POST，PUT，DELETE等请求方式。

官方文档：http://square.github.io/retrofit/

1.在AndroidManifest.xml中请求了网络权限：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

2.添加Gradle依赖项：

compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:retrofit:2.0.0-beta3'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:converter-gson:2.0.0-beta3'
compile 'com.squareup.retrofit2:adapter-rxjava:2.0.0-beta3'
compile 'io.reactivex:rxandroid:1.0.1'

Retrofit 支持许多种解析方式来解析响应数据:
Gson com.squareup.retrofit:converter-gson:2.0.0-beta2
Jackson com.squareup.retrofit:converter-jackson:2.0.0-beta1
Moshi com.squareup.retrofit:converter-moshi:2.0.0-beta1
Protobuf com.squareup.retrofit:converter-protobuf:2.0.0-beta1
Wire com.squareup.retrofit:converter-wire:2.0.0-beta1
Simple XML com.squareup.retrofit:converter-simplexml:2.0.0-beta1

3.创建API接口：

public interface GitHub {
        @GET("/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors")
        Call<List<Contributor>> contributors(
                @Path("owner") String owner,
                @Path("repo") String repo);
    }

4.创建retrofit实例，并添加gson转换器：

public static final String API_URL = "https://api.github.com";
// Create a very simple REST adapter which points the GitHub API.
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl(API_URL)
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
                .build();

5.创建一个Java类Contributor，用来保存接收到的数据:

public static class Contributor {
    public final String login;
    public final int contributions;

    public Contributor(String login, int contributions) {
        this.login = login;
        this.contributions = contributions;
    }
}

6.调用API接口：

// Create an instance of our GitHub API interface.
GitHub github = retrofit.create(GitHub.class);

// Create a call instance for looking up Retrofit contributors.
//完整的请求地址：https://api.github.com/repos/square/retrofit/contributors 
Call<List<Contributor>> call = github.contributors("square", "retrofit");

// Fetch and print a list of the contributors to the library.
List<Contributor> contributors = call.execute().body();
for (Contributor contributor : contributors) {
    System.out.println(contributor.login + " (" + contributor.contributions + ")");
}

7.取消请求
我们可以终止一个请求。终止操作是对底层的httpclient执行cancel操作。即使是正在执行的请求，也能够立即终止。
call.cancel();

Retrofit与RxJava结合

1.使用Observable创建一个API接口：

public interface GitHub2 {
        @GET("/repos/{owner}/{repo}/contributors")
        Observable<List<Contributor>> contributors(
                @Path("owner") String owner,
                @Path("repo") String repo);
    }

2.创建retrofit对象实例时，通过addCallAdapterFactory来添加对RxJava的支持：

Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl(API_URL)
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
                .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
                .build();

3.调用API接口：

// Create an instance of our GitHub API interface.
GitHub2 github = retrofit.create(GitHub2.class);
Observable<List<Contributor>> observable = github.contributors("square", "retrofit");

observable.subscribe(new Subscriber<List<Contributor>>() {
    @Override
    public void onCompleted() {

    }

    @Override
    public void onError(Throwable e) {

    }

    @Override
    public void onNext(List<Contributor> contributors) {
        for (Contributor contributor : contributors) {
            System.out.println("observable " + contributor.login + " (" + contributor.contributions + ")");
        }
    }
});

Retrofit使用OkHttp

OkHttpClient okHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder().addInterceptor(new Interceptor() {
            @Override
            public okhttp3.Response intercept(Chain chain) throws IOException {
                okhttp3.Response response = chain.proceed(chain.request());
                response.header(IF_MODIFIED_SINCE, "");
                return response;
            }
        }).build();
Retrofit retrofit = new Retrofit.Builder()
                .baseUrl(HOST)
                .addCallAdapterFactory(RxJavaCallAdapterFactory.create())
                .addConverterFactory(GsonConverterFactory.create())
                .client(okHttpClient)
                .build();