mybatis的使用及源码分析(九) mybatis使用xml两种方式多对一关联查询

使用XML嵌套的方式实现关联查询有两种方式,第一种方式使用嵌套查询的方式,这种方式可能会带来多次查询的问题,效率低下。另一个方式为关联查询,结果嵌套的方式,效率比较理想。
例子为一个省份表,一个城市表,城市有一个字段关联省份,通过ID查询某个城市,关联获取省份的实体

本项目搭建源码:https://github.com/zhuquanwen/mybatis-learn/releases/tag/for-xml-association
搭建过程:
https://blog.csdn.net/u011943534/article/details/104911104文章基础上搭建,有些过程不详细描述.

一、查询嵌套的方式
1、导入本文测试使用的sql脚本

/*
Navicat MySQL Data Transfer

Source Server         : localhost
Source Server Version : 50722
Source Host           : localhost:3306
Source Database       : mybatis_learn

Target Server Type    : MYSQL
Target Server Version : 50722
File Encoding         : 65001

Date: 2020-09-04 21:22:20
*/

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for province
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `province`;
CREATE TABLE `province` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=3 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of province
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `province` VALUES ('1', '黑龙江');
INSERT INTO `province` VALUES ('2', '湖南');
/*
Navicat MySQL Data Transfer

Source Server         : localhost
Source Server Version : 50722
Source Host           : localhost:3306
Source Database       : mybatis_learn

Target Server Type    : MYSQL
Target Server Version : 50722
File Encoding         : 65001

Date: 2020-09-04 21:23:33
*/

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0;

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for city
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `city`;
CREATE TABLE `city` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
  `pid` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  KEY `pid` (`pid`),
  CONSTRAINT `city_ibfk_1` FOREIGN KEY (`pid`) REFERENCES `province` (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=10 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of city
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `city` VALUES ('1', '哈尔滨', '1');
INSERT INTO `city` VALUES ('2', '黑河', '1');
INSERT INTO `city` VALUES ('3', '牡丹江', '1');
INSERT INTO `city` VALUES ('4', '齐齐哈尔', '1');
INSERT INTO `city` VALUES ('5', '大庆', '1');
INSERT INTO `city` VALUES ('6', '鸡西', '1');
INSERT INTO `city` VALUES ('7', '长沙', '2');
INSERT INTO `city` VALUES ('8', '衡阳', '2');
INSERT INTO `city` VALUES ('9', '湘潭', '2');

2 配置generator插件,之后运行com.learn.zqw.generator.Generator的主函数将bird表自动生成实体和mapper

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE generatorConfiguration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd">

<generatorConfiguration>

    <!-- context指定环境 -->
    <context id="MyGererator" targetRuntime="MyBatis3">

        <!-- 这个标签可以去掉各类元素生成的注释,默认是全部生成的 -->
        <commentGenerator>
            <!-- 去掉注释 -->
            <property name="suppressAllComments" value="true"/>
            <!-- 去掉时间戳 -->
            <property name="suppressDate" value="true"/>
        </commentGenerator>

        <!-- 数据库连接信息 -->
        <jdbcConnection driverClass="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
                        connectionURL="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis_learn?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8"
                        userId="root"
                        password="root">
        </jdbcConnection>

        <!-- JAVA JDBC数据类型转换,可以参照官方文档 -->
        <javaTypeResolver >
            <property name="forceBigDecimals" value="false" />
        </javaTypeResolver>

        <!--  javaModelGenerator javaBean配置
        targetPackage 输入包名 输出路径
        targetProject 输出项目位置 -->
        <javaModelGenerator targetPackage="com.learn.zqw.association.domain" targetProject="src/main/java">
            <!-- enableSubPackages 是否开启子包名称 是否在包名后边加上scheme名称 -->
            <property name="enableSubPackages" value="false" />
            <!-- 在Set方法中加入.trim -->
            <property name="trimStrings" value="true" />
        </javaModelGenerator>

        <!-- 映射文件mapper.xml配置 -->
        <sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="com.learn.zqw.association.mapper"  targetProject="src/main/java">
            <property name="enableSubPackages" value="false" />
        </sqlMapGenerator>

        <!-- 动态代理类接口,和mapper.xml在要同一个路径 -->
        <javaClientGenerator type="XMLMAPPER" targetPackage="com.learn.zqw.association.mapper"  targetProject="src/main/java">
            <property name="enableSubPackages" value="true" />
        </javaClientGenerator>

        <!-- 数据表 根据数据库中的表来生成  -->
        <!--<table tableName="student"/>-->
        <!--<table tableName="bird"/>-->
        <table tableName="province"/>
        <table tableName="city"/>

        <!-- 数据表更详细的属性参见官方文档,也可参照https://www.jianshu.com/p/e09d2370b796,里注释掉-->
        <!-- <table schema="DB2ADMIN" tableName="ALLTYPES" domainObjectName="Customer" >
          <property name="useActualColumnNames" value="true"/>
          <generatedKey column="ID" sqlStatement="DB2" identity="true" />
          <columnOverride column="DATE_FIELD" property="startDate" />
          <ignoreColumn column="FRED" />
          <columnOverride column="LONG_VARCHAR_FIELD" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        </table> -->
    </context>
</generatorConfiguration>

3 修改Citpy实体,添加Province

package com.learn.zqw.association.domain;

import lombok.Data;

@Data
public class City {
    private Integer id;

    private String name;

    private Integer pid;

    private Province province;

}

4 在自动生成的CityMapper中添加一个关联ResultMap,使用了association 标签,com.learn.zqw.association.mapper.ProvinceMapper.selectByPrimaryKey为ProvinceMapper中的一个函数

  <resultMap id="ResultMapWithProvince" type="com.learn.zqw.association.domain.City">
    <id column="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="id" />
    <result column="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="name" />
    <result column="pid" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="pid" />
    <association property="province" column="pid" select="com.learn.zqw.association.mapper.ProvinceMapper.selectByPrimaryKey"/>
  </resultMap>

5 在自动生成的CityMapper中添加一个查询select,引用上面定义的ResultMapWithProvince

  <select id="selectWithProvinceById" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultMap="ResultMapWithProvince">
    select id,name,pid from city where id = #{id, jdbcType=INTEGER}
  </select>

6 在generatorConfig.xml中添加两个Mapper

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE generatorConfiguration
        PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD MyBatis Generator Configuration 1.0//EN"
        "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-generator-config_1_0.dtd">

<generatorConfiguration>

    <!-- context指定环境 -->
    <context id="MyGererator" targetRuntime="MyBatis3">

        <!-- 这个标签可以去掉各类元素生成的注释,默认是全部生成的 -->
        <commentGenerator>
            <!-- 去掉注释 -->
            <property name="suppressAllComments" value="true"/>
            <!-- 去掉时间戳 -->
            <property name="suppressDate" value="true"/>
        </commentGenerator>

        <!-- 数据库连接信息 -->
        <jdbcConnection driverClass="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"
                        connectionURL="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/mybatis_learn?useUnicode=true&amp;characterEncoding=utf8"
                        userId="root"
                        password="root">
        </jdbcConnection>

        <!-- JAVA JDBC数据类型转换,可以参照官方文档 -->
        <javaTypeResolver >
            <property name="forceBigDecimals" value="false" />
        </javaTypeResolver>

        <!--  javaModelGenerator javaBean配置
        targetPackage 输入包名 输出路径
        targetProject 输出项目位置 -->
        <javaModelGenerator targetPackage="com.learn.zqw.association.domain" targetProject="src/main/java">
            <!-- enableSubPackages 是否开启子包名称 是否在包名后边加上scheme名称 -->
            <property name="enableSubPackages" value="false" />
            <!-- 在Set方法中加入.trim -->
            <property name="trimStrings" value="true" />
        </javaModelGenerator>

        <!-- 映射文件mapper.xml配置 -->
        <sqlMapGenerator targetPackage="com.learn.zqw.association.mapper"  targetProject="src/main/java">
            <property name="enableSubPackages" value="false" />
        </sqlMapGenerator>

        <!-- 动态代理类接口,和mapper.xml在要同一个路径 -->
        <javaClientGenerator type="XMLMAPPER" targetPackage="com.learn.zqw.association.mapper"  targetProject="src/main/java">
            <property name="enableSubPackages" value="true" />
        </javaClientGenerator>

        <!-- 数据表 根据数据库中的表来生成  -->
        <!--<table tableName="student"/>-->
        <!--<table tableName="bird"/>-->
        <table tableName="province"/>
        <table tableName="city"/>

        <!-- 数据表更详细的属性参见官方文档,也可参照https://www.jianshu.com/p/e09d2370b796,里注释掉-->
        <!-- <table schema="DB2ADMIN" tableName="ALLTYPES" domainObjectName="Customer" >
          <property name="useActualColumnNames" value="true"/>
          <generatedKey column="ID" sqlStatement="DB2" identity="true" />
          <columnOverride column="DATE_FIELD" property="startDate" />
          <ignoreColumn column="FRED" />
          <columnOverride column="LONG_VARCHAR_FIELD" jdbcType="VARCHAR" />
        </table> -->
    </context>
</generatorConfiguration>

7 测试

package com.learn.zqw.association;

import com.learn.zqw.association.domain.City;
import com.learn.zqw.association.mapper.CityMapper;
import lombok.Cleanup;
import org.apache.ibatis.io.Resources;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSession;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactoryBuilder;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.junit.runners.JUnit4;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;

/**
 * //TODO
 *
 * @author zhuquanwen
 * @vesion 1.0
 * @date 2020/9/4 20:58
 * @since jdk1.8
 */
@RunWith(JUnit4.class)
public class AssociationTests {

    @Test
    public void test() throws IOException {
        @Cleanup InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);
        SqlSession session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        CityMapper mapper = session.getMapper(CityMapper.class);
        City city = mapper.selectWithProvinceById(1);
        System.out.println(city);
    }
}

测试结果:

[2020/09/04 21:18:16,697] [DEBUG] [org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction:100] - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@475e586c]
[2020/09/04 21:18:16,704] [DEBUG] [com.learn.zqw.association.mapper.CityMapper.selectWithProvinceById:143] - ==>  Preparing: select id,name,pid from city where id = ? 
[2020/09/04 21:18:16,738] [DEBUG] [com.learn.zqw.association.mapper.CityMapper.selectWithProvinceById:143] - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
[2020/09/04 21:18:16,762] [DEBUG] [com.learn.zqw.association.mapper.ProvinceMapper.selectByPrimaryKey:143] - ====>  Preparing: select id, name from province where id = ? 
[2020/09/04 21:18:16,762] [DEBUG] [com.learn.zqw.association.mapper.ProvinceMapper.selectByPrimaryKey:143] - ====> Parameters: 1(Integer)
[2020/09/04 21:18:16,769] [DEBUG] [com.learn.zqw.association.mapper.ProvinceMapper.selectByPrimaryKey:143] - <====      Total: 1
[2020/09/04 21:18:16,770] [DEBUG] [com.learn.zqw.association.mapper.CityMapper.selectWithProvinceById:143] - <==      Total: 1
[2020/09/04 21:18:16,770] [DEBUG] [com.learn.zqw.plugin.TestPlugin:38] - 耗时:413ms
City(id=1, name=哈尔滨, pid=1, province=Province(id=1, name=黑龙江))

Process finished with exit code 0

二、查询结果嵌套的方式

1 在CityMapper.xml种添加ResultSetMap

  <resultMap id="ResultMapWithProvince2" type="com.learn.zqw.association.domain.City">
    <id column="id" jdbcType="INTEGER" property="id" />
    <result column="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="name" />
    <association property="province" javaType="com.learn.zqw.association.domain.Province">
      <id column="id" javaType="INTEGER" property="id"/>
      <result column="name" jdbcType="VARCHAR" property="name" />
    </association>
  </resultMap>

2 在CityMapper.xml种添加select

  <select id="selectWithProvinceById2" parameterType="java.lang.Integer" resultMap="ResultMapWithProvince2">
    select c.id,c.name,c.pid,p.id, p.name from city c, province p where c.pid = p.id and c.id = #{id, jdbcType=INTEGER}
  </select>

3 在CityMapper.xml种添加接口

 City selectWithProvinceById2(Integer id);

4 测试

    @Test
    public void test2() throws IOException {
        @Cleanup InputStream is = Resources.getResourceAsStream("SqlMapConfig.xml");
        SqlSessionFactoryBuilder sqlSessionFactoryBuilder = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder();
        SqlSessionFactory sessionFactory = sqlSessionFactoryBuilder.build(is);
        SqlSession session = sessionFactory.openSession();
        CityMapper mapper = session.getMapper(CityMapper.class);
        City city = mapper.selectWithProvinceById2(1);
        System.out.println(city);
    }

测试结果:

[2020/09/05 21:03:41,388] [DEBUG] [org.apache.ibatis.transaction.jdbc.JdbcTransaction:100] - Setting autocommit to false on JDBC Connection [com.mysql.jdbc.JDBC4Connection@475e586c]
[2020/09/05 21:03:41,400] [DEBUG] [com.learn.zqw.association.mapper.CityMapper.selectWithProvinceById2:143] - ==>  Preparing: select c.id,c.name,c.pid,p.id, p.name from city c, province p where c.pid = p.id and c.id = ? 
[2020/09/05 21:03:41,453] [DEBUG] [com.learn.zqw.association.mapper.CityMapper.selectWithProvinceById2:143] - ==> Parameters: 1(Integer)
[2020/09/05 21:03:41,496] [DEBUG] [com.learn.zqw.association.mapper.CityMapper.selectWithProvinceById2:143] - <==      Total: 1
[2020/09/05 21:03:41,497] [DEBUG] [com.learn.zqw.plugin.TestPlugin:38] - 耗时:668ms
City(id=1, name=哈尔滨, pid=null, province=Province(id=1, name=哈尔滨))

Process finished with exit code 0

三、 两种方式对比
对比两种测试结果的输出会发现第一种方式输出了两条SQL,第二种方式只输出一条。

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