GCD 信号量,主要有三个方法:
dispatch_semaphore_create(long value); 创建信号量 ,value代表同一时间执行的线程数。
dispatch_semaphore_wait(dispatch_semaphore_t dsema, dispatch_time_t timeout);第一个参数是信号量,第二个参数:
DISPATCH_TIME_NOW,超时时间从现在开始,表示忽略信号量,直接开始执行
DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER 超时时间一直到未来,一直等待信号量大于0,会阻塞线程。
等待信号量,信号量大于0的时候会执行减一操作,等于0的时候会阻塞线程。
dispatch_semaphore_signal(dispatch_semaphore_t dsema); 发送信号量,该函数会对信号量加一操作
-(void)dispatchSemaphore{
//这种就是控制线程的最大并发数
//crate的value表示,最多几个资源可访问
dispatch_semaphore_t semaphore = dispatch_semaphore_create(2);
dispatch_queue_t quene = dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);
//任务1
dispatch_async(quene, ^{
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
NSLog(@"任务1:%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
sleep(1);
NSLog(@"run task 1");
sleep(1);
NSLog(@"complete task 1");
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
});
//任务2
dispatch_async(quene, ^{
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
NSLog(@"任务2:%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
sleep(1);
NSLog(@"run task 2");
sleep(1);
NSLog(@"complete task 2");
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
});
//任务3
dispatch_async(quene, ^{
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
NSLog(@"任务3:%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
sleep(1);
NSLog(@"run task 3");
sleep(1);
NSLog(@"complete task 3");
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
});
//任务4
dispatch_async(quene, ^{
dispatch_semaphore_wait(semaphore, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
NSLog(@"任务4:%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
sleep(1);
NSLog(@"run task 4");
sleep(1);
NSLog(@"complete task 4");
dispatch_semaphore_signal(semaphore);
});
}
“2”:由于设定的信号值为2,先执行两个线程,等执行完一个,才会继续执行下一个,保证同一时间执行的线程数不超过2。允许同时并发的操作最多只有两次,当并发量达到2以后,信号量就就减小到0,这时候wait操作会起作用,DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVERs 表示会一直等待,一直等待信号量大于0,也就是两个任务完成一个了,这时信号量又+1,那么就可以再次执行一个任务。这个方法相当于是控制线程的最大的并发数。
打印
2018-11-26 16:37:39.611215+0800 yymodelText[79901:1540463] 任务2:<NSThread: 0x600002d0b180>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-11-26 16:37:39.611215+0800 yymodelText[79901:1539245] 任务1:<NSThread: 0x600002d0a880>{number = 3, name = (null)}
2018-11-26 16:37:40.616031+0800 yymodelText[79901:1540463] run task 2
2018-11-26 16:37:40.616036+0800 yymodelText[79901:1539245] run task 1
2018-11-26 16:37:41.616440+0800 yymodelText[79901:1539245] complete task 1
2018-11-26 16:37:41.616440+0800 yymodelText[79901:1540463] complete task 2
2018-11-26 16:37:41.616954+0800 yymodelText[79901:1540464] 任务3:<NSThread: 0x600002d15280>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-11-26 16:37:41.616954+0800 yymodelText[79901:1540465] 任务4:<NSThread: 0x600002d14f00>{number = 6, name = (null)}
2018-11-26 16:37:42.617745+0800 yymodelText[79901:1540464] run task 3
2018-11-26 16:37:42.617779+0800 yymodelText[79901:1540465] run task 4
2018-11-26 16:37:43.621214+0800 yymodelText[79901:1540464] complete task 3
2018-11-26 16:37:43.621238+0800 yymodelText[79901:1540465] complete task 4
可以看出最多只有两个线程在执行任务。任务完成后,才继续执行。
用GCD的信号量来实现异步线程同步操作
//依赖请求,第一个任务完成以后,在执行第二个,在执行第三个,相当于是依赖请求,
dispatch_semaphore_t sem = dispatch_semaphore_create(0);
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
NSLog(@"任务1:%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"run task 1");
sleep(1);
NSLog(@"complete task 1");
dispatch_semaphore_signal(sem);
});
dispatch_semaphore_wait(sem, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
NSLog(@"任务2:%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"run task 2");
sleep(1);
NSLog(@"complete task 2");
dispatch_semaphore_signal(sem);
});
dispatch_semaphore_wait(sem, DISPATCH_TIME_FOREVER);
dispatch_async(dispatch_get_global_queue(0, 0), ^{
NSLog(@"任务3:%@",[NSThread currentThread]);
NSLog(@"run task 3");
sleep(1);
NSLog(@"complete task 3");
dispatch_semaphore_signal(sem);
});
创建一个初始值为0的信号量,当任务1完成的时候,才会发送信号量,这时候的信号里是1,wait才不会阻塞任务2的线程,同时信号量-1,只有任务2完成后,发送信号量,信号里才能大于1。wait方法才不会阻止任务三的线程,否则一直会等待任务2的完成,会阻塞线程。
打印
2018-11-26 16:47:59.801638+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570174] 任务1:<NSThread: 0x600003256dc0>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-11-26 16:47:59.801842+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570174] run task 1
2018-11-26 16:48:00.802180+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570174] complete task 1
2018-11-26 16:48:00.802409+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570174] 任务2:<NSThread: 0x600003256dc0>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-11-26 16:48:00.802521+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570174] run task 2
2018-11-26 16:48:01.803262+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570174] complete task 2
2018-11-26 16:48:01.803484+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570174] 任务3:<NSThread: 0x600003256dc0>{number = 5, name = (null)}
2018-11-26 16:48:01.803603+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570174] run task 3
2018-11-26 16:48:05.505578+0800 yymodelText[81209:1561334] 任务1:<NSThread: 0x600003256bc0>{number = 4, name = (null)}
2018-11-26 16:48:05.505696+0800 yymodelText[81209:1561334] run task 1
2018-11-26 16:48:05.740506+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570292] complete task 3
2018-11-26 16:48:06.507895+0800 yymodelText[81209:1561334] complete task 1
2018-11-26 16:48:06.508307+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570292] 任务2:<NSThread: 0x600003256e80>{number = 6, name = (null)}
2018-11-26 16:48:06.508510+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570292] run task 2
2018-11-26 16:48:07.513103+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570292] complete task 2
2018-11-26 16:48:07.513580+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570292] 任务3:<NSThread: 0x600003256e80>{number = 6, name = (null)}
2018-11-26 16:48:07.513840+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570292] run task 3
2018-11-26 16:48:08.515507+0800 yymodelText[81209:1570292] complete task 3
第二个打印的,可以来看出,他还是有可能开辟出新的线程,毕竟是异步的
在此总结下,同步和异步决定了是否开启新线程(或者说是否具有开启新线程的能力),串行和并发决定了任务的执行方式——串行执行还是并发执行(或者说开启多少条新线程)。