6 谈一谈Servlet与HttpServlet

1 创建一个类实现Servlet

package com.duowei.servlet;

import javax.servlet.*;
import javax.swing.*;
import java.io.IOException;

public class TestServlet implements Servlet {

    public void init(ServletConfig servletConfig) throws ServletException {
        System.out.println("init......");
    }

    public ServletConfig getServletConfig() {
        return null;
    }

    public void service(ServletRequest servletRequest, ServletResponse servletResponse) throws ServletException, IOException {
        System.out.println("service......");
    }

    public String getServletInfo() {
        return null;
    }

    public void destroy() {
        System.out.println("destroy......");
    }
}

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee
                  http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.duowei.servlet.TestServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>helloServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/helloServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>helloHttpServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.duowei.servlet.TestHttpServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

</web-app >

启动Tomcat看一下init、service、destroy什么时候执行
我们发现 init 在tomcat 启动时候执行，destroy在tomcat结束运行时执行，service在每次访问servlet时候执行。
试一下，多次访问servlet，只执行service，不会再执行init了，可见Servlet是单例模式

2 创建一个类继承HttpServlet

package com.duowei.servlet;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
import java.io.IOException;

public class TestHttpServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doGet(req, resp);
        System.out.println("TestHttpServlet.................doGet");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
        System.out.println("TestHttpServlet.................doPost");
    }

    @Override
    protected void service(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.service(req, resp);
        System.out.println("TestHttpServlet.................service");
    }
}

注册servlet

  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>helloHttpServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>com.duowei.servlet.TestHttpServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>helloHttpServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/helloHttpServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

访问以下TestHttpServlet

发现输出
TestHttpServlet…doGet
TestHttpServlet…service
为什么先输出doGet再输出service

• 因为我这里重写了service方法，所以访问TestHttpServlet时候会执行我重写的service方法
• 另外，我在service中调用了super.service(req, resp);那么在访问TestHttpServlet的时候，输出System.out.println(“TestHttpServlet…service”);前会执行父类的service方法
• 我们看一下父类的service方法，也就是HttpServlet会帮我们判断是GET请求方式的时候，调用doGet方法，所以先打印了TestHttpServlet…doGet；后打印了TestHttpServlet…service
  

上述所说是为了让我们了解

1. 浏览器通过URL访问Tomcat；
2. 创建request请求对象，response响应对象；
3. Tomcat根据URL找到HttpServlet的类路径，创建HttpServlet实例；
4. HttpServlet实例调用service方法，并判断GET和POST去执行doGet或者doPost，以参数形式传入request，response；
5. 返回response对象