centos使用docker安装mysql

1. 拉取mysql镜像

docker pull mysql:5.7

2. 创建宿主机上的映射文件目录，并授权

[root@1-0001 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql/data
[root@1-0001 ~]# mkdir -p /opt/mysql/logs
[root@1-0001 ~]# chmod -R +777 /opt/mysql

3. 修改/etc/my.cnf文件内容（mysql配置文件），如下

#设置mysql客户端默认字符集
default-character-set=utf8
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]
#mysql5.7以后的不兼容问题处理
sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
# Settings user and group are ignored when systemd is used.
# If you need to run mysqld under a different user or group,
# customize your systemd unit file for mariadb according to the
# instructions in http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Systemd
#允许最大连接数
max_connections=200
#服务端使用的字符集默认为8比特编码的latin1字符集
character-set-server=utf8
#创建新表时将使用的默认存储引擎
default-storage-engine=INNODB
lower_case_table_names=1
max_allowed_packet=16M
#设置时区
default-time_zone='+8:00'
[mysqld_safe]
log-error=/var/log/mariadb/mariadb.log
pid-file=/var/run/mariadb/mariadb.pid

#
# include all files from the config directory
#
!includedir /etc/mysql/conf.d/
!includedir /etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/

4. 运行mysql5.7，生成相应容器

--privileged=true 获取临时的selinux的权限

-v 宿主机目录挂在到容器的地址，映射（挂载数据、日志、配置）

-e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD 初始化密码

docker run --name mysql -p 8210:3306  --privileged=true -v /opt/mysql/logs:/logs -v /opt/mysql/data:/var/lib/mysql -v /etc/my.cnf:/etc/mysql/mysql.conf.d/mysqld.cnf -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=lckj123456 -d mysql:5.7

5. 配置mysql

# 查看所有容器信息
docker ps -a
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                                                  COMMAND                  CREATED       STATUS       PORTS                                                  NAMES
f6218e972fad   mysql:5.7                                              "docker-entrypoint.s…"   10 days ago   Up 10 days   33060/tcp, 0.0.0.0:8210->3306/tcp, :::8210->3306/tcp   mysql

# 进入mysql容器
docker exec -it f6218e972fad /bin/sh

# 登录
mysql -u root -p

# 授权
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'root'@'%';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 更新加密规则
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'lckj123456' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 更新root用户
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'lckj123456';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

# 查看授权
mysql> select host,user,plugin,authentication_string from mysql.user;

# 
mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE 'character_set_%';