13. Roman to Integer

https://leetcode.com/problems/roman-to-integer/description/
题目大意：罗马数字转整数
解题思路1：暴力，一次遍历字符串，根据所有规则一步步判断

class Solution:
    def romanToInt(self, s):
        """
        :type s: str
        :rtype: int
        """
        thousands, hundreds, tens, ones = 0, 0, 0, 0
        n = len(s)
        i = 0
        while i < n and s[i] == 'M':
            thousands += 1
            i += 1
        if i+1 < n and s[i] == 'C' and s[i+1] == 'D':
            hundreds = 4
            i += 2
        elif i+1 < n and s[i] == 'C' and s[i+1] == 'M':
            hundreds = 9
            i += 2
        elif i < n and s[i] == 'D':
            i += 1
            hundreds = 5
            while i < n and s[i] == 'C':
                hundreds += 1
                i += 1
        else:
            while i < n and s[i] == 'C':
                hundreds += 1
                i += 1

        if i+1 < n and s[i] == 'X' and s[i+1] == 'L':
            tens = 4
            i += 2
        elif i+1 < n and s[i] == 'X' and s[i+1] == 'C':
            tens = 9
            i += 2
        elif i < n and s[i] == 'L':
            i += 1
            tens = 5
            while i < n and s[i] == 'X':
                tens += 1
                i += 1
        else:
            while i < n and s[i] == 'X':
                tens += 1
                i += 1

        if i+1 < n and s[i] == 'I' and s[i+1] == 'V':
            ones = 4
            i += 2
        elif i+1 < n and s[i] == 'I' and s[i+1] == 'X':
            ones = 9
            i += 2
        elif i < n and s[i] == 'V':
            i += 1
            ones = 5
            while i < n and s[i] == 'I':
                ones += 1
                i += 1
        else:
            while i < n and s[i] == 'I':
                ones += 1
                i += 1

        return thousands * 1000 + hundreds * 100 + tens * 10 + ones

思路2（比较6666）：根据“左减右加”。把所有字符转成相应数字，按原有顺序存入数组中，例如字符串s = “MCMXCIV”，每次比较s[i]与s[i+1]的数字大小，若s[i]的数字比s[i+1]大，如第一个M，就可以直接将其累加到sum。若s[i]的数字比s[i+1]小，根据“左减右加”，sum减去s[i+1]即可

class Solution:
    def romanToInt(self, s):
        """
        :type s: str
        :rtype: int
        """
        res = 0
        nums = [0] * len(s)  #注意数组定义时要指定长度，不能直接创建一个空list，否则无法直接用下标添加元素

        for i in range(len(s)):
            if s[i] == 'I':
                nums[i] = 1
            elif s[i] == 'V':
                nums[i] = 5
            elif s[i] == 'X':
                nums[i] = 10
            elif s[i] == 'L':
                nums[i] = 50
            elif s[i] == 'C':
                nums[i] = 100
            elif s[i] == 'D':
                nums[i] = 500
            elif s[i] == 'M':
                nums[i] = 1000

        for i in range(len(s) - 1):
            if nums[i] < nums[i+1]:
                res -= nums[i]
            else:
                res += nums[i]

        return res + nums[len(s) - 1]