18. 4Sum

https://leetcode.com/problems/4sum/description/
题目大意：给一个数组，求四个数的和等于target的所有组合（不重复）
解题思路：和15. 3Sum 差不多，3sum用了三个游标i，front，back。这里用四个：i，j，front，back。j从i+1开始到末尾，其他的同3sum的做法，用front和back夹逼即可
代码注意在i的while循环中夹着j的while循环

class Solution:
    def fourSum(self, nums, target):
        """
        :type nums: List[int]
        :type target: int
        :rtype: List[List[int]]
        """
        res = []
        nums.sort()
        i = 0
        while i < len(nums):
            j = i+1
            while j < len(nums):
                front = j + 1
                back = len(nums) - 1
                while front < back:
                    sum = nums[i] + nums[j] + nums[front] + nums[back]
                    if sum < target:
                        front += 1
                    elif sum > target:
                        back -= 1
                    else:  #找到
                        quadruplet = [0] * 4  #创建四元组
                        quadruplet[0] = nums[i]
                        quadruplet[1] = nums[j]
                        quadruplet[2] = nums[front]
                        quadruplet[3] = nums[back]
                        res.append(quadruplet)  #四元组写入
                        while front < back and quadruplet[2] == nums[front]:
                            front += 1
                        while front < back and quadruplet[3] == nums[back]:
                            back -= 1
                while j+1 < len(nums) and nums[j] == nums[j+1]:
                    j += 1
                j += 1  #end j while
            while i+1 < len(nums) and nums[i] == nums[i+1]:
                i += 1
            i += 1  #end i while
        return res