web.xml配置详解

1、Web应用图标：指出IDE和GUI工具用来表示Web应用的大图标和小图标     
<icon>     
<small-icon>/images/app_small.gif</small-icon>     
<large-icon>/images/app_large.gif</large-icon>     
</icon>     
2、Web 应用名称：提供GUI工具可能会用来标记这个特定的Web应用的一个名称     
<display-name>Tomcat Example</display-name>     
3、Web 应用描述： 给出于此相关的说明性文本     
<disciption>Tomcat Example servlets and JSP pages.</disciption>     
4、上下文参数：声明应用范围内的初始化参数。     
  <context-param>     
    <param-name>ContextParameter</para-name>     
    <param-value>test</param-value>     
    <description>It is a test parameter.</description>     
  </context-param>     
  在servlet里面可以通过getServletContext().getInitParameter("context/param")得到     
   
5、过滤器配置：将一个名字与一个实现javaxs.servlet.Filter接口的类相关联。     
  <filter>     
        <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>     
        <filter-class>com.myTest.setCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>     
        <init-param>     
            <param-name>encoding</param-name>     
            <param-value>GB2312</param-value>     
        </init-param>     
  </filter>     
  <filter-mapping>     
        <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>     
        <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>     
  </filter-mapping>     
6、监听器配置     
  <listener>     
      <listerner-class>listener.SessionListener</listener-class>     
  </listener>     
7、Servlet配置     
   基本配置     
   <servlet>     
      <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>     
      <servlet-class>SnoopServlet</servlet-class>     
   </servlet>     
   <servlet-mapping>     
      <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>     
      <url-pattern>/snoop</url-pattern>     
   </servlet-mapping>     
   高级配置     
   <servlet>     
      <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>     
      <servlet-class>SnoopServlet</servlet-class>     
      <init-param>     
         <param-name>foo</param-name>     
         <param-value>bar</param-value>     
      </init-param>     
      <run-as>     
         <description>Security role for anonymous access</description>     
         <role-name>tomcat</role-name>     
      </run-as>     
   </servlet>     
   <servlet-mapping>     
      <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>     
      <url-pattern>/snoop</url-pattern>     
   </servlet-mapping>     
   元素说明     
     <servlet></servlet> 用来声明一个servlet的数据，主要有以下子元素：     
     <servlet-name></servlet-name> 指定servlet的名称     
     <servlet-class></servlet-class> 指定servlet的类名称     
     <jsp-file></jsp-file> 指定web站台中的某个JSP网页的完整路径     
     <init-param></init-param> 用来定义参数，可有多个init-param。在servlet类中通过getInitParamenter(String name)方法访问初始化参数     
     <load-on-startup></load-on-startup>指定当Web应用启动时，装载Servlet的次序。     
                                 当值为正数或零时：Servlet容器先加载数值小的servlet，再依次加载其他数值大的servlet.    
                                 当值为负或未定义：Servlet容器将在Web客户首次访问这个servlet时加载它     
     <servlet-mapping></servlet-mapping> 用来定义servlet所对应的URL，包含两个子元素     
       <servlet-name></servlet-name> 指定servlet的名称     
       <url-pattern></url-pattern> 指定servlet所对应的URL     
8、会话超时配置（单位为分钟）     
   <session-config>     
      <session-timeout>120</session-timeout>     
   </session-config>     
9、MIME类型配置     
   <mime-mapping>     
      <extension>htm</extension>     
      <mime-type>text/html</mime-type>     
   </mime-mapping>     
10、指定欢迎文件页配置     
   <welcome-file-list>     
      <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>     
      <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>     
      <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>     
   </welcome-file-list>     
11、配置错误页面     
  一、 通过错误码来配置error-page     
   <error-page>     
      <error-code>404</error-code>     
      <location>/NotFound.jsp</location>     
   </error-page>     
  上面配置了当系统发生404错误时，跳转到错误处理页面NotFound.jsp。     
二、通过异常的类型配置error-page     
   <error-page>     
       <exception-type>java.lang.NullException</exception-type>     
       <location>/error.jsp</location>     
   </error-page>     
  上面配置了当系统发生java.lang.NullException（即空指针异常）时，跳转到错误处理页面error.jsp     
12、TLD配置     
   <taglib>     
       <taglib-uri>http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/debug-taglib</taglib-uri>     
       <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/jsp/debug-taglib.tld</taglib-location>     
   </taglib>     
   如果MyEclipse一直在报错,应该把<taglib> 放到 <jsp-config>中     
   <jsp-config>     
      <taglib>     
          <taglib-uri>http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/debug-taglib</taglib-uri>     
          <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/pager-taglib.tld</taglib-location>     
      </taglib>     
   </jsp-config>     
13、资源管理对象配置     
   <resource-env-ref>     
       <resource-env-ref-name>jms/StockQueue</resource-env-ref-name>     
   </resource-env-ref>     
14、资源工厂配置     
   <resource-ref>     
       <res-ref-name>mail/Session</res-ref-name>     
       <res-type>javax.mail.Session</res-type>     
       <res-auth>Container</res-auth>     
   </resource-ref>     
   配置数据库连接池就可在此配置：     
   <resource-ref>     
       <description>JNDI JDBC DataSource of shop</description>     
       <res-ref-name>jdbc/sample_db</res-ref-name>     
       <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>     
       <res-auth>Container</res-auth>     
   </resource-ref>     
15、安全限制配置     
   <security-constraint>     
      <display-name>Example Security Constraint</display-name>     
      <web-resource-collection>     
         <web-resource-name>Protected Area</web-resource-name>     
         <url-pattern>/jsp/security/protected/*</url-pattern>     
         <http-method>DELETE</http-method>     
         <http-method>GET</http-method>     
         <http-method>POST</http-method>     
         <http-method>PUT</http-method>     
      </web-resource-collection>     
      <auth-constraint>     
        <role-name>tomcat</role-name>     
        <role-name>role1</role-name>     
      </auth-constraint>     
   </security-constraint>     
16、登陆验证配置     
   <login-config>     
     <auth-method>FORM</auth-method>     
     <realm-name>Example-Based Authentiation Area</realm-name>     
     <form-login-config>     
        <form-login-page>/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp</form-login-page>     
        <form-error-page>/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp</form-error-page>     
     </form-login-config>     
   </login-config>     
17、安全角色：security-role元素给出安全角色的一个列表，这些角色将出现在servlet元素内的security-role-ref元素的role-name子元素中。     
    分别地声明角色可使高级IDE处理安全信息更为容易。     
  <security-role>     
     <role-name>tomcat</role-name>     
  </security-role>     
18、Web环境参数：env-entry元素声明Web应用的环境项     
  <env-entry>     
     <env-entry-name>minExemptions</env-entry-name>     
     <env-entry-value>1</env-entry-value>     
     <env-entry-type>java.lang.Integer</env-entry-type>     
  </env-entry>     
19、EJB 声明     
  <ejb-ref>     
     <description>Example EJB reference</decription>     
     <ejb-ref-name>ejb/Account</ejb-ref-name>     
     <ejb-ref-type>Entity</ejb-ref-type>     
     <home>com.mycompany.mypackage.AccountHome</home>     
     <remote>com.mycompany.mypackage.Account</remote>     
  </ejb-ref>     
20、本地EJB声明     
  <ejb-local-ref>     
     <description>Example Loacal EJB reference</decription>     
     <ejb-ref-name>ejb/ProcessOrder</ejb-ref-name>     
     <ejb-ref-type>Session</ejb-ref-type>     
     <local-home>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrderHome</local-home>     
     <local>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrder</local>     
  </ejb-local-ref>     
21、配置DWR     
  <servlet>     
      <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>     
      <servlet-class>uk.ltd.getahead.dwr.DWRServlet</servlet-class>     
  </servlet>     
  <servlet-mapping>     
      <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>     
      <url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>     
  </servlet-mapping>     
22、配置Struts     
    <display-name>Struts Blank Application</display-name>     
    <servlet>     
        <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>     
        <servlet-class>     
            org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet     
        </servlet-class>     
        <init-param>     
            <param-name>detail</param-name>     
            <param-value>2</param-value>     
        </init-param>     
        <init-param>     
            <param-name>debug</param-name>     
            <param-value>2</param-value>     
        </init-param>     
        <init-param>     
            <param-name>config</param-name>     
            <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>     
        </init-param>     
        <init-param>     
            <param-name>application</param-name>     
            <param-value>ApplicationResources</param-value>     
        </init-param>     
        <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>     
    </servlet>     
    <servlet-mapping>     
        <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>     
        <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>     
    </servlet-mapping>     
    <welcome-file-list>     
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>     
    </welcome-file-list>     
   
    <!-- Struts Tag Library Descriptors -->     
    <taglib>     
        <taglib-uri>struts-bean</taglib-uri>     
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>     
    </taglib>     
    <taglib>     
        <taglib-uri>struts-html</taglib-uri>     
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>     
    </taglib>     
    <taglib>     
    <taglib-uri>struts-nested</taglib-uri>     
    <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>     
    </taglib>     
    <taglib>     
        <taglib-uri>struts-logic</taglib-uri>     
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>     
    </taglib>     
    <taglib>     
        <taglib-uri>struts-tiles</taglib-uri>     
        <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>     
    </taglib>     
23、配置Spring（基本上都是在Struts中配置的）     
   
   <!-- 指定spring配置文件位置 -->     
   <context-param>     
      <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>     
      <param-value>     
       <!--加载多个spring配置文件 -->     
        /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml, /WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml     
      </param-value>     
   </context-param>     
   
   <!-- 定义SPRING监听器，加载spring -->     
   
  <listener>     
     <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>     
  </listener>     
   
  <listener>     
     <listener-class>     
       org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener     
     </listener-class>     
  </listener>