1. 查看MySQL数据库的默认编码
1、使用status命令能够显示数据库的相关系信息：
mysql>status;
--------------
C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server5.6\bin\mysql.exe Ver 14.14 Distrib5.6.15,
forWin32 (x86)
Connection id: 15
Current database: hello
Current user: root@localhost
SSL: Not in use
Using delimiter: ;
Server version: 5.6.15-enterprise-commercial-advancedMySQL Enterprise S
erver - Advanced Edition (Commercial)
Protocol version: 10
Connection: localhost via TCP/IP
Server characterset: latin1
Db characterset: latin1
Client characterset: latin1
Conn. characterset: latin1
TCP port: 3306
Uptime: 2 hours 42 min 32 sec
Threads: 1 Questions: 226 Slow queries:0 Opens: 78 Flush tables: 1 Open ta
bles: 63 Queries per second avg: 0.023
--------------2、也可以使用如下命令：
mysql>show variables like ’char%’;
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
-----+
| Variable_name | Value
|
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
-----+
| character_set_client | latin1
|
| character_set_connection | latin1
|
| character_set_database | latin1
|
| character_set_filesystem | binary
|
| character_set_results | latin1
|
| character_set_server | latin1
|
| character_set_system | latin1
|
| character_sets_dir | C:\Program Files\MySQL\MySQL Server5.6\share\chars
ets\ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------------------------
-----+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
2. 通过命令修改其编码
创建数据库指定数据库的字符集：
mysql>create database mydb characterset utf-8;#直接指定其编码
直接通过命令进行修改：
mysql>set character_set_client=utf8;
mysql>setcharacter_set_connection=utf8;
mysql>set character_set_database=utf8;
mysql>set character_set_results=utf8;
mysql>set character_set_server=utf8;
修改完了之后再查询：
mysql>show variables like'character\_set\_%';
+--------------------------+--------+
|Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection |utf8 |
| character_set_database |utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results |utf8 |
|character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
+--------------------------+--------+
结果全部都调整修改成UTF-8！
修改完了之后：
mysql>select * from hello;
出现乱码！
3. 解决数据导入导出的乱码问题
可以先创建测试数据库：如mydb
mysql>create database mydb;
mysql>use mydb;
mysql show variables like'character\_set\_%';
#打印输出如下:
+--------------------------+--------+
|Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------+
|character_set_client | latin1 |
| character_set_connection | latin1 |
| character_set_database |latin1 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results |latin1 |
|character_set_server | latin1 |
|character_set_system | utf8 |
+--------------------------+--------+
依旧是latin编码的。
说明数据库本身的字符集是latin编码
将其编码设置一下:
mysql>set character_set_client=utf8;
mysql>setcharacter_set_connection=utf8;
mysql>setcharacter_set_database=utf8;
mysql>set character_set_results=utf8;
mysql>set character_set_server=utf8;
再查询一下其编码格式：
mysql>show variables like'character\_set\_%';
显示：
+--------------------------+--------+
|Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+--------+
|character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection |utf8 |
| character_set_database |utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results |utf8 |
|character_set_server | utf8 |
|character_set_system | utf8 |
+--------------------------+--------+
现在将数据导进来
mysql>mysql –uroot -proot hello mydb.sql;
其中的mydb.sql 其编码也是utf-8 格式的！
导进来数据库查看如果是乱码，请确认字符集编码是否兼容或一致！
MySQL字符集编码的类型种类
gb2312_chinese_ci和gbk_chinese_ci以及gb2312_bin,gbk_bin的区别
gb2312_chinese_CI : 只支持简体中文
gb2312_BIN :而gb2312_bin可以说是gb2312_chinese_ci的一个子集，
而且gb2312_BIN是二进制存储.区分大小写数据库编码格式就意义不一样了
gbk_chinese_CI 支持简体中文和繁体
gbk_bin 解释同gb2312_BIN 对应gbk_chinese_CI
PS：GBK包括了简体与繁体两种类型
注意：
MySQL中默认字符集的设置有四级:服务器级，数据库级，表级，字段级。注意前三种均为默认设置，并不代表你的字段最终会使用这三种字符集其中之一的字符集设置。所以我们建议要用
mysql>show create table tableName;
或
mysql>show full fields from tableName;
或
mysql>show full colunms from tableName;
来检查当前表中字段的字符集设置。
MySQL 中关于连接环境的字符集设置有 client, connection, results。通过这些参数，MySQL就知道你的客户端工具用的是什么字符集，连接用的是什么字符集，结果集是什么字符集。这样MySQL就会做必要的翻译，这些参数有误，会导致字符串在转输过程中的转换错误。
一、 数据库表中字段的字符集设置。
A. show create table tableName
B. show full columns from tableName
C. show full fields from tableName;
如：mysql>show create table hello;
mysql>show full columns from hello; 查看列的编码类型
二、 查看数据库的编码格式：
A. show create database databaseName;
输出：CREATE DATABASE ` databaseName` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */
三、 当前联接系统参数
A. show variables like 'char%';
mysql> showvariables like 'char%';
中文字符集的中文兼容对照：
big5 | Big5Traditional Chinese
gb2312 | GB2312Simplified Chinese
gbk |GBK Simplified Chinese
utf8 | UTF-8Unicode
修改数据库的字符集
mysql>use mydb
mysql>alter database mydb characterset utf-8;
创建数据库指定数据库的字符集
mysql>create database mydb characterset utf-8;
mysql>show variables like'character\_set\_%';
所查看到了几项中其中有这三项是受CLIENT客户端影响
character_set_client
character_set_connection
character_set_results
而这三项是可以通过set names utf8|set names gbk来设置！
当前连接的客户端的编码情况不会影响到数据库服务器本身的编码情况。确保client客户端的编码和数据库编码一致，从而避免出现存取乱码现象。
查看当前数据库的字符集库：
mysql>show charset;
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |
| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |
| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |
| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |
| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |
| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |
| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |
| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |
| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |
| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |
| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |
| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |
| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |
| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |
| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |
| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |
| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |
| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |
| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |
| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |
| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |
| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |
| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |
| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |
| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |
| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |
| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |
| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |
| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |
| utf16le | UTF-16LE Unicode | utf16le_general_ci | 4 |
| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |
| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |
| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |
| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |
| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |
| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |
| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |
+----------+-----------------------------+---------------------+--------+
40 rows in set (0.03 sec)
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