springboot @Order注解

@Order标记定义了组件的加载顺序。

@Order标记从spring 2.0出现，但是在spring 4.0之前，@Order标记只支持AspectJ的切面排序。spring 4.0对@Order做了增强，它开始支持对装载在诸如Lists和Arrays容器中的自动包装（auto-wired）组件的排序。

在spring内部，对基于spring xml的应用，spring使用OrderComparator类来实现排序。对基于注解的应用，spring采用AnnotationAwareOrderComparator来实现排序。

@Order 标记定义如下：

@Retention(value=RUNTIME) @Target(value={TYPE,METHOD,FIELD}) @Documented public @interface Order

这个标记包含一个value属性。属性接受整形值。如：1,2 等等。值越小拥有越高的优先级。
下面让我们来看一个使用spring 3.x 和spring 4.x 的例子：

Ranks.java

package com.javapapers.spring3.autowire.collection; public interface Ranks { }

RankOne.java

package com.javapapers.spring3.autowire.collection; import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class RankOne implements Ranks{ private String rank = "RankOne"; public String toString(){ return this.rank; } }

RankTwo.java

package com.javapapers.spring3.autowire.collection; import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class RankTwo implements Ranks{ private String rank = "RankTwo"; public String toString(){ return this.rank; } }

RankThree.java

package com.javapapers.spring3.autowire.collection; import org.springframework.core.annotation.Order; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class RankThree implements Ranks{ private String rank = "RankThree"; public String toString(){ return this.rank; } }

Results.java

Component to hold student ranks in a collection as shown below.

package com.javapapers.spring3.autowire.collection; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; @Component public class Results { @Autowired private List ranks ; @Override public String toString(){ return ranks.toString(); } }

beans.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd"> <context:annotation-config /> <context:component-scan base-package="com.javapapers.spring3"/> </beans>

RanksClient.java

package com.javapapers.spring3.autowire.collection; import org.springframework.context.ApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.support.ClassPathXmlApplicationContext; public class RanksClient { public static void main(String[] args) { ApplicationContext context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("beans.xml"); Results results = (Results)context.getBean("results"); System.out.println(results); } }

输出结果：

[RankOne, RankThree, RankTwo]


从结果可以看出，结果是没有顺序的。因为spring 3.x不支持对自动包装组件的排序。

接下来，我升级spring的版本至4.x， 并对RanOne,RankTwo和RankThree加上order标记，值做相应的调整。
@Component
@Order(1)
public class RankOne implements Ranks{
private String rank = "RankOne";
    
    public String toString(){
        return this.rank;
    }
}

输出结果如下：

[RankOne, RankTwo, RankThree]