1、seata的介绍及简单应用

seata是什么？
  seata是阿里开源的分布式事务解决方案。它提供了高性能和简单易用的分布式事务服务，提供了AT、TCC、SAGA及XA事务模式。

现在基于AT模式来介绍下seata的简单应用，在开始之前 ，首先先下载seata-server和源码包，seata版本为1.3，下载地址：seata服务下载

服务端配置
1、建库建表。以mysql数据库为例。

-- -------------------------------- The script used when storeMode is 'db' --------------------------------
create database seata;
use seata;
-- the table to store GlobalSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `global_table`
(
    `xid`                       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `transaction_id`            BIGINT,
    `status`                    TINYINT      NOT NULL,
    `application_id`            VARCHAR(32),
    `transaction_service_group` VARCHAR(32),
    `transaction_name`          VARCHAR(128),
    `timeout`                   INT,
    `begin_time`                BIGINT,
    `application_data`          VARCHAR(2000),
    `gmt_create`                DATETIME,
    `gmt_modified`              DATETIME,
    PRIMARY KEY (`xid`),
    KEY `idx_gmt_modified_status` (`gmt_modified`, `status`),
    KEY `idx_transaction_id` (`transaction_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

-- the table to store BranchSession data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `branch_table`
(
    `branch_id`         BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `xid`               VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `transaction_id`    BIGINT,
    `resource_group_id` VARCHAR(32),
    `resource_id`       VARCHAR(256),
    `branch_type`       VARCHAR(8),
    `status`            TINYINT,
    `client_id`         VARCHAR(64),
    `application_data`  VARCHAR(2000),
    `gmt_create`        DATETIME(6),
    `gmt_modified`      DATETIME(6),
    PRIMARY KEY (`branch_id`),
    KEY `idx_xid` (`xid`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

-- the table to store lock data
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `lock_table`
(
    `row_key`        VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
    `xid`            VARCHAR(96),
    `transaction_id` BIGINT,
    `branch_id`      BIGINT       NOT NULL,
    `resource_id`    VARCHAR(256),
    `table_name`     VARCHAR(32),
    `pk`             VARCHAR(36),
    `gmt_create`     DATETIME,
    `gmt_modified`   DATETIME,
    PRIMARY KEY (`row_key`),
    KEY `idx_branch_id` (`branch_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

2、配置registry.conf。进入seata-server-1.3.0\conf，打开registry.conf

registry {
  # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
  type = "nacos"  #seata服务的注册类型，这里是nacos，所以对应配置的是nacos相关信息

  nacos {
    application = "seata-server"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    namespace = ""
    cluster = "default"
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
}

config {
  # file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3
  type = "nacos"  #seata服务的配置文件类型，可以是file、nacos等

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
    namespace = ""
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    username = ""
    password = ""
    application = "seata-server"
  }
}

3、配置config.txt。进入seata-1.3.0\script\config-center，打开config.txt。这里只需要修改store.mode=db以及store.db开头的相关信息接口，store.db.url就是我们第一步建表所在库。属性说明可以参考官方文档。

......
store.mode=db
store.db.datasource=druid
store.db.dbType=mysql
store.db.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
store.db.url=jdbc:mysql://127.0.0.1:3306/seate-server?serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai&characterEncoding=utf8&useUnicode=true&useSSL=false
store.db.user=root
store.db.password=root
store.db.minConn=5
store.db.maxConn=30
......

4、上传config.txt，进入seata-1.3.0\script\config-center\nacos，执行nacos-config.sh -h 127.0.0.1 -p 8848(将config.txt上传到nacos中)，其中-h指的是nacos服务器地址，-p指的是端口号
5、启动seata服务。进入seata-server-1.3.0\bin，启动。

至此服务端的配置已经结束，现在开始客户端配置。这里以官方的示例为例。
1、创建订单表和库存表

-- 创建 order库、业务表、undo_log表
create database seata_order;
use seata_order;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `order_tbl`;
CREATE TABLE `order_tbl` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `user_id` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `commodity_code` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `count` int(11) DEFAULT 0,
  `money` int(11) DEFAULT 0,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `undo_log`
(
  `id`            BIGINT(20)   NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `branch_id`     BIGINT(20)   NOT NULL,
  `xid`           VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `context`       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
  `rollback_info` LONGBLOB     NOT NULL,
  `log_status`    INT(11)      NOT NULL,
  `log_created`   DATETIME     NOT NULL,
  `log_modified`  DATETIME     NOT NULL,
  `ext`           VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`, `branch_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  AUTO_INCREMENT = 1
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;


-- 创建 storage库、业务表、undo_log表
create database seata_storage;
use seata_storage;

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `storage_tbl`;
CREATE TABLE `storage_tbl` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `commodity_code` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `count` int(11) DEFAULT 0,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY (`commodity_code`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

CREATE TABLE `undo_log`
(
  `id`            BIGINT(20)   NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `branch_id`     BIGINT(20)   NOT NULL,
  `xid`           VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
  `context`       VARCHAR(128) NOT NULL,
  `rollback_info` LONGBLOB     NOT NULL,
  `log_status`    INT(11)      NOT NULL,
  `log_created`   DATETIME     NOT NULL,
  `log_modified`  DATETIME     NOT NULL,
  `ext`           VARCHAR(100) DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `ux_undo_log` (`xid`, `branch_id`)
) ENGINE = InnoDB
  AUTO_INCREMENT = 1
  DEFAULT CHARSET = utf8;

-- 初始化库存模拟数据
INSERT INTO seata_storage.storage_tbl (id, commodity_code, count) VALUES (1, 'product-1', 9999999);
INSERT INTO seata_storage.storage_tbl (id, commodity_code, count) VALUES (2, 'product-2', 0);

2、创建父pom项目springcloud-nacos-seata及order-service和storage-service子服务。整体目录结构如下：

springcloud-nacos-seata–>pom.xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.2.2.RELEASE</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.work</groupId>
    <artifactId>springcloud-nacos-seata</artifactId>
    <packaging>pom</packaging>
    <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <project.reporting.outputEncoding>UTF-8</project.reporting.outputEncoding>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
        <spring-cloud.version>Greenwich.SR3</spring-cloud.version>
    </properties>

    <dependencyManagement>
        <dependencies>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>${spring-cloud.version}</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
            <dependency>
                <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-dependencies</artifactId>
                <version>2.1.0.RELEASE</version>
                <type>pom</type>
                <scope>import</scope>
            </dependency>
        </dependencies>
    </dependencyManagement>

</project>

order-service目录结构如下：
order-service–>pom.xml配置如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.work</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-nacos-seata</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>

    <groupId>com.work</groupId>
    <artifactId>order-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>order-service</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!-- nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- seata-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
            <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mysql -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.39</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>


    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

order-service–>OrderController

@RestController
@RequestMapping("order")
public class OrderController {

    @Resource
    private OrderService orderService;

    /**
     * 下单：插入订单表、扣减库存，模拟回滚
     *
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/placeOrder/commit")
    public Boolean placeOrderCommit() {
        orderService.placeOrder("1", "product-1", 1);
        return true;
    }

    /**
     * 下单：插入订单表、扣减库存，模拟回滚
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping("/placeOrder/rollback")
    public Boolean placeOrderRollback() {
        // product-2 扣库存时模拟了一个业务异常,
        orderService.placeOrder("1", "product-2", 1);
        return true;
    }

order-service–>StorageFeignClient

@FeignClient(name = "storage-service")
public interface StorageFeignClient {

    @GetMapping("storage/deduct")
    Boolean deduct(@RequestParam("commodityCode") String commodityCode, @RequestParam("count") Integer count);
}

order-service–>Order

@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
@TableName("order_tbl")
public class Order {

  @TableId(type=IdType.AUTO)
  private Integer id;
  private String userId;
  private String commodityCode;
  private Integer count;
  private BigDecimal money;

}

order-server–>OrderDAO

@Mapper
@Repository
public interface OrderDAO extends BaseMapper<Order> {

}

order-service–>OrderService
@GlobalTransactional：分布式事务注解，比如A->B->C，那么只需要在A服务方法上加上@GlobalTransactional注解接口

@Service
public class OrderService {
    @Resource
    private StorageFeignClient storageFeignClient;
    @Resource
    private OrderDAO orderDAO;
    /**
     * 下单：创建订单、减库存，涉及到两个服务
     *
     * @param userId
     * @param commodityCode
     * @param count
     */
    @GlobalTransactional
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public void placeOrder(String userId, String commodityCode, Integer count) {
        BigDecimal orderMoney = new BigDecimal(count).multiply(new BigDecimal(5));
        Order order = new Order()
                .setUserId(userId)
                .setCommodityCode(commodityCode)
                .setCount(count)
                .setMoney(orderMoney);
        orderDAO.insert(order);
        storageFeignClient.deduct(commodityCode, count);

    }
}

storage-service目录结构如下：

storage-service–>pom.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>com.work</groupId>
        <artifactId>springcloud-nacos-seata</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
        <relativePath/>
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.work</groupId>
    <artifactId>storage-service</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>storage-service</name>
    <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description>

    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
            <artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
            <optional>true</optional>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>


        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>


        <!-- nacos -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-alibaba-nacos-discovery</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <!-- seata-->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-alibaba-seata</artifactId>
            <version>2.2.0.RELEASE</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
            <artifactId>seata-all</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>io.seata</groupId>
            <artifactId>seata-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.3.0</version>
        </dependency>

        <!-- mysql -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
            <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>1.1.10</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>5.1.39</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>com.baomidou</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-plus-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>3.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

storage-service–>StorageController

@RestController
@RequestMapping("storage")
public class StorageController {

    @Resource
    private StorageService storageService;

    /**
     * 减库存
     * @param commodityCode 商品代码
     * @param count 数量
     * @return
     */
    @RequestMapping(path = "/deduct")
    public Boolean deduct(String commodityCode, Integer count) {
        storageService.deduct(commodityCode, count);
        if (commodityCode.equals("product-2")) {
            throw new RuntimeException("异常:模拟业务异常:Storage branch exception");
        }
        return true;
    }

}

storage-service–>Storage

@Data
@Accessors(chain = true)
@TableName("storage_tbl")
public class Storage {

  private Long id;
  private String commodityCode;
  private Long count;
}

storage-service–>StorageDAO

@Mapper
@Repository
public interface StorageDAO extends BaseMapper<Storage> {

}

storage-service–>StorageService

@Service
public class StorageService {

    @Resource
    private StorageDAO storageDAO;

    /**
     * 减库存
     * 
     * @param commodityCode
     * @param count
     */
    @Transactional(rollbackFor = Exception.class)
    public void deduct(String commodityCode, int count) {
        QueryWrapper<Storage> wrapper = new QueryWrapper<>();
        wrapper.setEntity(new Storage().setCommodityCode(commodityCode));
        Storage storage = storageDAO.selectOne(wrapper);
        storage.setCount(storage.getCount() - count);

        storageDAO.updateById(storage);
    }
}

3、配置registry.conf和application.properties
registry.conf配置如下，这里注册类型和配置类型配置的都是nacos。
registry.type=nacos，注册中心类型
config.type=nacos，配置中心类型

registry {
  # file 、nacos 、eureka、redis、zk、consul、etcd3、sofa
  type = "nacos"

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "localhost"
    namespace = ""
    cluster = "default"
  }
  eureka {
    serviceUrl = "http://localhost:8761/eureka"
    application = "default"
    weight = "1"
  }
  redis {
    serverAddr = "localhost:6379"
    db = "0"
    password = ""
    cluster = "default"
    timeout = "0"
  }
  zk {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    session.timeout = 6000
    connect.timeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  consul {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  etcd3 {
    cluster = "default"
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  sofa {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:9603"
    application = "default"
    region = "DEFAULT_ZONE"
    datacenter = "DefaultDataCenter"
    cluster = "default"
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    addressWaitTime = "3000"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

config {
  # file、nacos 、apollo、zk、consul、etcd3、springCloudConfig
  type = "nacos"

  nacos {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8848"
    namespace = ""
    group = "SEATA_GROUP"
    application = "seata-server"

  }
  consul {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:8500"
  }
  apollo {
    app.id = "seata-server"
    apollo.meta = "http://192.168.1.204:8801"
    namespace = "application"
  }
  zk {
    serverAddr = "127.0.0.1:2181"
    session.timeout = 6000
    connect.timeout = 2000
    username = ""
    password = ""
  }
  etcd3 {
    serverAddr = "http://localhost:2379"
  }
  file {
    name = "file.conf"
  }
}

application.priperties配置，这里主要注意下spring.cloud.alibaba.seata.tx-service-group，其他还好

spring.application.name=order-service
server.port=9091


# Nacos 注册中心地址
spring.cloud.nacos.discovery.server-addr = 127.0.0.1:8848

# seata 服务分组，要与服务端nacos-config.txt中service.vgroup_mapping的后缀对应
spring.cloud.alibaba.seata.tx-service-group=my_test_tx_group

logging.level.io.seata = debug


# 数据源配置
spring.datasource.druid.url=jdbc:mysql://192.168.2.43:3306/seata_order?allowMultiQueries=true
spring.datasource.druid.driverClassName=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.druid.username=root
spring.datasource.druid.password=123456

4、order-service和storage-service配置差不多，配置完成后，启动order-service和storage-service服务，然后测试下单业务。这个下单业务主要涉及下单以及减库存。

1. 分布式事务成功，模拟正常下单、扣库存
   localhost:9091/order/placeOrder/commit
2. 分布式事务失败，模拟下单成功、扣库存失败，最终同时回滚
   localhost:9091/order/placeOrder/rollback