Lintcode : Merge K Sorted Lists

描述

合并k个排序链表,并且返回合并后的排序链表。尝试分析和描述其复杂度。

样例

给出3个排序链表[2->4->null,null,-1->null],返回 -1->2->4->null


思路:

1. 利用归并排序,先两两合并,依次迭代,这里是利用一个递归的归并排序

    public ListNode mergeKLists(List<ListNode> lists) {
        // write your code here
        if(lists==null || lists.size()==0){
            return null;
        }
        return merge_helper(lists, 0, lists.size()-1);
    }

    private ListNode merge_helper(List<ListNode> lists, int start, int end) {
        if(start==end){
            return lists.get(start);
        }
        int mid = start+(end-start)/2;
        ListNode left = merge_helper(lists, start,mid);
        ListNode right = merge_helper(lists, mid+1, end);
        return merge_nerbor(left, right);
    }

    private ListNode merge_nerbor(ListNode h1, ListNode h2) {
        ListNode head = new ListNode(0);
        ListNode work = head;
        while (h1!=null && h2 !=null){
            if(h1.val<h2.val){
                work.next = h1;
                work = h1;
                h1 = h1.next;
            }else {
                work.next = h2;
                work = h2;
                h2 = h2.next;
            }
        }
        if(h1!=null){
            work.next = h1;
        }
        if(h2!=null){
            work.next = h2;
        }
        return head.next;
    }

2. 利用 小根堆, Java 中直接使用 PriorityQueue,比较器的定义就是比较链表节点中的 val, 每次我们取堆顶元素,

如果这个取出的节点有非空的next节点,就把这个几点添加进堆中,循环至堆空。

public static ListNode mergeKLists(List<ListNode> lists) {
        // write your code here
        if(lists==null || lists.size()==0){
            return null;
        }
        Comparator<ListNode> comparator = new Comparator<ListNode>() {
            @Override
            public int compare(ListNode o1, ListNode o2) {
                return o1.val-o2.val;
            }
        };
        PriorityQueue<ListNode> heap = new PriorityQueue<ListNode>(lists.size(), comparator);
        for (int i = 0; i < lists.size(); i++) {
            if(lists.get(i)!=null){
                heap.add(lists.get(i));
            }
        }
        ListNode dummy = new ListNode(0);
        ListNode tail = dummy;
        while (!heap.isEmpty()){
            ListNode temp = heap.poll();
            tail.next = temp;
            tail = temp;
            if(temp.next!=null){
                heap.add(temp.next);
            }
        }
        return dummy.next;
    }

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To merge k sorted linked lists, one approach is to repeatedly merge two of the linked lists until all k lists have been merged into one. We can use a priority queue to keep track of the minimum element across all k linked lists at any given time. Here's the code to implement this idea: ``` struct ListNode { int val; ListNode* next; ListNode(int x) : val(x), next(NULL) {} }; // Custom comparator for the priority queue struct CompareNode { bool operator()(const ListNode* node1, const ListNode* node2) const { return node1->val > node2->val; } }; ListNode* mergeKLists(vector<ListNode*>& lists) { priority_queue<ListNode*, vector<ListNode*>, CompareNode> pq; for (ListNode* list : lists) { if (list) { pq.push(list); } } ListNode* dummy = new ListNode(-1); ListNode* curr = dummy; while (!pq.empty()) { ListNode* node = pq.top(); pq.pop(); curr->next = node; curr = curr->next; if (node->next) { pq.push(node->next); } } return dummy->next; } ``` We start by initializing a priority queue with all the head nodes of the k linked lists. We use a custom comparator that compares the values of two nodes and returns true if the first node's value is less than the second node's value. We then create a dummy node to serve as the head of the merged linked list, and a current node to keep track of the last node in the merged linked list. We repeatedly pop the minimum node from the priority queue and append it to the merged linked list. If the popped node has a next node, we push it onto the priority queue. Once the priority queue is empty, we return the head of the merged linked list. Note that this implementation has a time complexity of O(n log k), where n is the total number of nodes across all k linked lists, and a space complexity of O(k).

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