JavaScript 继承

一、JavaScript的继承主要使用原型链实现

function Person(name){
    this.name = name;
}

function Police(cardNo){
    this.cardNo = cardNo;
}

Police.prototype = new Person('Tom');

var police = new Police(1234);

二、借用构造函数

function Person(name){
    this.name = name;
};

function Police(name, cardNo){
    Person.call(this, name);
    this.cardNo = cardNo;
}

var police = new Police('Tom', 1234);

console.log(police.name);
console.log(police.cardNo);

三、组合继承

function Person(name){
    this.name = name;
}
Person.prototype.getName = function(){
    return this.name;
}

function Police(name, cardNo){
    Person.call(this, name);
    this.cardNo = cardNo;
}
Police.prototype = new Person('Tom');

var police = new Police('Jerry', 3456);
console.log(police.name);
console.log(police.cardNo);

//其实执行了两次超类型的构造函数，因此，police对象本身有一个name属性，而其指向的原型对象中，也有一个name属性，只是本身的属性屏蔽了原型对象中的属性

四、原型式继承，即返回一个以给定对象为原型的空对象

function Person(o){
    function F(){};
    F.prototype = o;
    return new F();
}


//该方式已经规范化  Object.create(o1, o2);
var person = {
    name : 'jerry',
    age : 12
}

var extObj = {
    cardNo : {
        value : 122,
        Writable : true
    }
}

var newObject = Object.create(person, extObj);
console.log(newObject.name);
console.log(newObject.age);
console.log(newObject.cardNo);

五、寄生式继承，没有构造函数，只是在原型式继承的方式上，增强空对象。

function object(o){
    function F(){};
    F.prototype = o;
    return new F();
}


function createAnother(extO){
    var newO = object(extO);
    newO.sayHi = function(){
        console.log('Hi');
    };
    return newO;
}

var aObj = {
    name : 'Jerry',
    age : 12
};
var anotherNewO = createAnother(aObj);
anotherNewO.sayHi();

六、组合寄生式，组合式会调用两次超类型的构造函数，组合寄生则只调用一次

function inherit(subtype, superType){
    var o = object(super.prototype);
    o.constructor = subtype;
    subtype.prototype = o;
}


//例如：
function Super(name){
    this.name = name;
}
Super.prototype.sayName = function(){
    console.log(this.name);
};

function Sub(name, cardNo){
    Super.call(this, name);
    this.cardNo = cardNo;
}

inherit(Sub, Super);

sub.prototype.sayHello = function(){
    console.log('Hello');
}