Android 事件分发机制

1. MotionEvent类

MotionEvent类用于记录View的事件。

包括MotionEvent.DOWN手指点击屏幕

      MotionEvent.UP手指离开屏幕

      MotionEvent.Move 手指在屏幕上滑动

      MotionEvent.CANCEL 事件取消(非人可控制)。

2.View事件的传递规则

View事件的传递都是通过三个方法来完成的:

(1)dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent e)

用于事件分发。如果事件能传递到这个View时,这个方法一定会被调用,返回的结果受当前View的onTouchEvent和下级View的dispatchTouchEvent方法的影响。

(2)onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)

用于事件拦截。如果事件被拦截了,这个方法将不会再被调用。

(3)onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event)

用于事件消耗。返回的结果表示事件是否被消耗。

事件传递的过程:

Activity  ->  Window  -> ViewGoup ->view

3.OnTouchListener ,OnTouchEvent 和ClickListener的优先级?

自定义一个简单的View,实现onTouchListener接口。

public class CusView extends View implements View.OnTouchListener {

    private static final String TAG = "CusView";

    public CusView(Context context) {

        this(context, null);

    }

    public CusView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {

        this(context, attrs, 0);

    }

    public CusView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {

        super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);

        setOnTouchListener(this);

    }

    @Override

    public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {

        return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);

    }

    @Override

    public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {

        Log.e(TAG,"onTouchEvent");

        return super.onTouchEvent(event);

    }

    @Override

    public boolean onTouch(View v, MotionEvent event) {

        Log.e(TAG,"onTouch");

        return false;

    }

}



当OnTouch返回值为false时输出:

E/CusView: onTouch

E/CusView: onTouchEvent



当OnTouch返回值为true时输出:

E/CusView: onTouch

onTouchEvent方法没有被调用。说明当OnTouchListener消耗(返回true)了事件后,OnTouchEvent方法不调用。当OnTouchListener没有消耗(返回false)事件后,OnTouchEvent方法被调用了。

OnTouchListener优先级大于OnTouchEvent。

 

ClickListener是在OnTouchListener方法中执行的。注意performClick方法

public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {

    ...........................

    if (clickable || (viewFlags & TOOLTIP) == TOOLTIP) {

        switch (action) {

            case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:

                    .............................

                    if (!mHasPerformedLongPress && !mIgnoreNextUpEvent) {

                    .............................

                            if (mPerformClick == null) {

                                mPerformClick = new PerformClick();

                            }

                            if (!post(mPerformClick)) {

                                performClickInternal();

                            }

                        }

                    }

                  ............................

public boolean performClick() {

    ..................

    final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;

    if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {

        playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);

        li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);

        result = true;

    } else {

        result = false;

    }

......................

    return result;

}

OnTouchEvent优先级大于ClickListener

所以它们的优先级是 OnTouchListener > OnTouchEvent > ClickListener

 

4.一些结论

(1)同一个事件序列是指 从手指接触屏幕 到 手指离开屏幕所产生的一系列事件。

其中down事件 和 up事件 各产生一次,多个move事件。


E/CusView: ACTION_DOWN

E/CusView: ACTION_MOVE

E/CusView: ACTION_MOVE

E/CusView: ACTION_MOVE

E/CusView: ACTION_MOVE

E/CusView: ACTION_MOVE

E/CusView: ACTION_UP


(2)某个View一旦决定拦截,那个这一系列的事件都会交给它来处理。并且它的onInterceptTouchEvent不会再被调用。

 

自定义ViewGroup的代码:

@Override

public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {

    switch (ev.getAction()){

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:

            Log.e(TAG,"onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN");

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:

            Log.e(TAG,"onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE");

            break;

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:

            Log.e(TAG,"onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_UP");

            break;

    }

    return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);

}

@Override

public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {

    switch (event.getAction()){

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:

            Log.e(TAG,"onTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN");

            return true;

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:

            Log.e(TAG,"onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE");

            break;

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:

            Log.e(TAG,"onTouchEvent_ACTION_UP");

            break;

    }

    return super.onTouchEvent(event);

}




自定义view的代码:

@Override

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {

    return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);

}

@Override

public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {

    switch (event.getAction()){

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:

            Log.e(TAG,"ACTION_DOWN");

            break;

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:

            Log.e(TAG,"ACTION_MOVE");

            break;

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:

            Log.e(TAG,"ACTION_UP");

            break;

    }

    return true;

}

ViewGroup的OnIntercepTouchListener()没有拦截时:

E/CusLinearLayout: onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN

E/CusLinearLayout: onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusView: ACTION_DOWN

E/CusLinearLayout: onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusView: ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_UP

E/CusView: ACTION_UP

ViewGroup 的其他事件还是会被传递到OnIntercepTouchListener()方法中,之后事件会被传递到子View。



ViewGroup.onInterceptTouchEvent()

@Override

public boolean onInterceptTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {

    switch (ev.getAction()){

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:

            Log.e(TAG,"onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN");

            return true;

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:

            Log.e(TAG,"onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE");

            break;

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:

            Log.e(TAG,"onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_UP");

            break;

    }

    return super.onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);

}

ViewGroup的OnIntercepTouchListener()拦截时,会输出:

E/CusLinearLayout: onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_UP

ViewGroup的OnIntercepTouchListener()拦截事件后,不会再调用OnIntercepTouchListener()了,

其他的事件都会调给ViewGroup的onTouchEvent方法处理了。

 

(3)某个View开始处理事件,如果它不消耗ACTION_DOWN事件(onTouchEvent返回false),那么同一事件序列中的其他事件都不会再交给它来处理,并且事件将重新交由它的父元素处理。

view的onTouchEvent()

@Override

public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {

    switch (event.getAction()){

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:

            Log.e(TAG,"ACTION_DOWN");

            return false;

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:

            Log.e(TAG,"ACTION_MOVE");

            break;

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:

            Log.e(TAG,"ACTION_UP");

            break;

    }

    return super.onTouchEvent(event);

}

  在ACTION_DOWN事件中不消耗

E/CusLinearLayout: onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN

E/CusView: ACTION_DOWN

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onTouchEvent_ACTION_UP

因为View不消耗ACTION_DOWN事件,所以余下的事件都不会找View了,它的父View的onTouchEvent方法会被调用。

 

(4)如果View不消耗除ACTION_DOWN以外的其他事情,那么这个点击事件会消失,此时父元素的onTouchEvent并不会被调用,并且当前View可以持续收到后续的事件,最终这些消失的点击事件会传递给Activity处理。

View的onTouchEvent():

@Override

public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {

    switch (event.getAction()){

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:

            Log.e(TAG,"onTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN");

            return true;

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:

            Log.e(TAG,"onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE");

            return false;

        case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:

            Log.e(TAG,"onTouchEvent_ACTION_UP");

            return false;

    }

    return super.onTouchEvent(event);

}

  消耗ACTION_DOWN事件,不消耗ACTION_MOVE事件,不消耗ACTION_UP事件

Activity的onTouchEvent():

  override fun onTouchEvent(event: MotionEvent?): Boolean {

    when (event!!.action) {

        MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN -> Log.e(TAG, "onTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN")

        MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE -> Log.e(TAG, "onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE")

        MotionEvent.ACTION_UP -> Log.e(TAG, "onTouchEvent_ACTION_UP")

    }

    return super.onTouchEvent(event)

}

输出:

E/CusLinearLayout: onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN

E/CusView: dispatchTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN

E/CusView: onTouchEvent_ACTION_DOWN

E/CusLinearLayout: onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusView: dispatchTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusView: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/EventActivity: onTouchEvent_ACTION_MOVE

E/CusLinearLayout: onInterceptTouchEvent_ACTION_UP

E/CusView: dispatchTouchEvent_ACTION_UP

E/CusView: onTouchEvent_ACTION_UP

E/EventActivity: onTouchEvent_ACTION_UP

在ACTION_DOWN事件,View消耗了。

在ACTION_MOVE和ACTION_UP事件的时候,Activity的onTouchEvent()被调用了。

(5)ViewGroup默认不拦截任何事情

(6)View没有onIntercepTouchEvent方法,一旦有点击事件传递给它。那么它的onTouchEvent方法就会被调用。

(7)View的OnTouchEvent默认都会消耗事件(返回true),除非它是不可点击的(clickable和longClickable同时为false)

 

5(源码解析)

(1)Activity对事件分发

public boolean dispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent ev) {

    if (ev.getAction() == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN) {

        onUserInteraction();

    }

    if (getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)) {

        return true;

    }

    return onTouchEvent(ev);

}

Activity收到事件后,会向window传递,事件回一级一级的传递下去,当返回false时(没有View消耗这个事件),那么就由Activity来消耗(调用onTouchEvent方法)

getWindow().superDispatchTouchEvent(ev)

  由于Window是一个抽象类,而它的事件类是PhoneWindow类。

在PhoneWindow中

@Override

public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {

    return mDecor.superDispatchTouchEvent(event);

} 

@Override

public final View getDecorView() {

    if (mDecor == null || mForceDecorInstall) {

        installDecor();

    }

    return mDecor;

}

mDecor是什么?

DecorView是一个根View。DecorView继承自FrameLayout,是一个ViewGroup。

public class DecorView extends FrameLayout implements RootViewSurfaceTaker, WindowCallbacks

在DecorView中

public boolean superDispatchTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {

    return super.dispatchTouchEvent(event);

}

  DecorView还是会把事件传递到下一级。

总结:Activity接收到事件后,将事件传递到PhoneWindow中,PhoneWindow会把事件传递给跟View。

 

(2)顶级View对点击事件的分发过程

ViewGroup判断是否进行拦截    ViewGroup.diapatchTouchEvent()

// Check for interception.

final boolean intercepted;

if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN

        || mFirstTouchTarget != null) {

    final boolean disallowIntercept = (mGroupFlags & FLAG_DISALLOW_INTERCEPT) != 0;

    if (!disallowIntercept) {

        intercepted = onInterceptTouchEvent(ev);

        ev.setAction(action); // restore action in case it was changed

    } else {

        intercepted = false;

    }

} else {

    // There are no touch targets and this action is not an initial down

    // so this view group continues to intercept touches.

    intercepted = true;

}

intercepted 变量用于记录是否拦截。

actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN 判断是否为ACTION_DOWN。

mFirstTouchTarget != null  当ViewGroup 不拦截事件并将事件交由子元素处理时 这个条件成立。

if (actionMasked == MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN || mFirstTouchTarget != null) 

如果第一次MOTION.ACTION_DOWN事件最终不是由子View消耗掉,那么mFirstTouchTarget 将为null,则intercepted = true,此后的事件都是由这个ViewGroup处理。否则intercepted = false,将事件传递给子View。

ViewGroup将事件传递给子View

final View[] children = mChildren;

    for (int i = childrenCount - 1; i >= 0; i--) {

        final int childIndex = getAndVerifyPreorderedIndex(

                childrenCount, i, customOrder);

        final View child = getAndVerifyPreorderedView(

                preorderedList, children, childIndex);

        // If there is a view that has accessibility focus we want it

        // to get the event first and if not handled we will perform a

        // normal dispatch. We may do a double iteration but this is

        // safer given the timeframe.

        if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != null) {

            if (childWithAccessibilityFocus != child) {

                continue;

            }

            childWithAccessibilityFocus = null;

            i = childrenCount - 1;

        }

        if (!canViewReceivePointerEvents(child)

                || !isTransformedTouchPointInView(x, y, child, null)) {

            ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);

            continue;

        }

        newTouchTarget = getTouchTarget(child);

        if (newTouchTarget != null) {

            // Child is already receiving touch within its bounds.

            // Give it the new pointer in addition to the ones it is handling.

            newTouchTarget.pointerIdBits |= idBitsToAssign;

            break;

        }

        resetCancelNextUpFlag(child);

        if (dispatchTransformedTouchEvent(ev, false, child, idBitsToAssign)) {

            // Child wants to receive touch within its bounds.

            mLastTouchDownTime = ev.getDownTime();

            if (preorderedList != null) {

                // childIndex points into presorted list, find original index

                for (int j = 0; j < childrenCount; j++) {

                    if (children[childIndex] == mChildren[j]) {

                        mLastTouchDownIndex = j;

                        break;

                    }

                }

            } else {

                mLastTouchDownIndex = childIndex;

            }

            mLastTouchDownX = ev.getX();

            mLastTouchDownY = ev.getY();

            newTouchTarget = addTouchTarget(child, idBitsToAssign);

            alreadyDispatchedToNewTouchTarget = true;

            break;

        }

        // The accessibility focus didn't handle the event, so clear

        // the flag and do a normal dispatch to all children.

        ev.setTargetAccessibilityFocus(false);

    }

    if (preorderedList != null) preorderedList.clear();

}

首先遍历ViewGroup所有的子View,然后根据 子元素是否在播动画 和 点击事件的坐标是否在子元素的区域内,来判断子元素是否能够接收点击事件。如果某个子元素满足这两个条件,那个事件就会传递给它来处理。

总结:ViewGroup会根据首次的事件Motion.action_down 是否子View消耗掉了,来判断是否拦截事件,如果拦截了就调用onTouchEvent进行事件处理,否则会根据点击的坐标确定将事件传递到哪个子View。

 

(3)View对点击事件的处理过程  

 View.dispatchTouchEvent()

if (onFilterTouchEventForSecurity(event)) {

    if ((mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED && handleScrollBarDragging(event)) {

        result = true;

    }

    //noinspection SimplifiableIfStatement

    ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;

    if (li != null && li.mOnTouchListener != null

            && (mViewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == ENABLED

            && li.mOnTouchListener.onTouch(this, event)) {

        result = true;

    }

    if (!result && onTouchEvent(event)) {

        result = true;

    }

}

onFilterTouchEventForSecurity方法用于判断View是否被遮盖

ListenerInfo 是View的一个静态内部类,用于记录各种操作事件,比如:

OnClickListener

OnLongClickListener

OnTouchListener

判断View是否实现了OnTouchListener接口,如果实现就执行onTouchListener.onTouch()方法。

result 为true,就不执行onTouchEvent方法。

说明OnTouchListener 的优先级比onTouchEvent高

View.onTouchEvent()

final boolean clickable = ((viewFlags & CLICKABLE) == CLICKABLE

        || (viewFlags & LONG_CLICKABLE) == LONG_CLICKABLE)

        || (viewFlags & CONTEXT_CLICKABLE) == CONTEXT_CLICKABLE;

if ((viewFlags & ENABLED_MASK) == DISABLED) {

    if (action == MotionEvent.ACTION_UP && (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_PRESSED) != 0) {

        setPressed(false);

    }

    mPrivateFlags3 &= ~PFLAG3_FINGER_DOWN;

    // A disabled view that is clickable still consumes the touch

    // events, it just doesn't respond to them.

    return clickable;

}

判断View是否可用,在View处于不可用状态下还是会消耗掉点击事件。

在收到Motion.Action_up时

// Only perform take click actions if we were in the pressed state

if (!focusTaken) {

    // Use a Runnable and post this rather than calling

    // performClick directly. This lets other visual state

    // of the view update before click actions start.

    if (mPerformClick == null) {

        mPerformClick = new PerformClick();

    }

    if (!post(mPerformClick)) {

        performClickInternal();

    }

}

public boolean performClick() {

    // We still need to call this method to handle the cases where performClick() was called

    // externally, instead of through performClickInternal()

    notifyAutofillManagerOnClick();

    final boolean result;

    final ListenerInfo li = mListenerInfo;

    if (li != null && li.mOnClickListener != null) {

        playSoundEffect(SoundEffectConstants.CLICK);

        li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this);

        result = true;

    } else {

        result = false;

    }

    sendAccessibilityEvent(AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED);

    notifyEnterOrExitForAutoFillIfNeeded(true);

    return result;

}

li.mOnClickListener.onClick(this); 触发了点击事件接口。

总结:判断是否已经实现了OnTouchListener接口,是则onTouch方法处理这个事件。否则onTouchEvent方法来处理这个事件。

 

 

学习资料:Android开发艺术探索

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