在Android中实现异步任务机制有两种方式,Handler和AsyncTask
一个异步任务的执行一般包括以下几个步骤:
1.execute(Params... params),执行一个异步任务,需要我们在代码中调用此方法,触发异步任务的执行。
2.onPreExecute(),在execute(Params... params)被调用后立即执行,一般用来在执行后台任务前对UI做一些标记。
3.doInBackground(Params... params),在onPreExecute()完成后立即执行,用于执行较为费时的操作,此方法将接收输入参数和返回计算结果。在执行过程中可以调用publishProgress(Progress... values)来更新进度信息。
4.onProgressUpdate(Progress... values),在调用publishProgress(Progress... values)时,此方法被执行,直接将进度信息更新到UI组件上。
5.onPostExecute(Result result),当后台操作结束时,此方法将会被调用,计算结果将做为参数传递到此方法中,直接将结果显示到UI组件上。
在使用的时候,有几点需要格外注意:
1.异步任务的实例必须在UI线程中创建。
2.execute(Params... params)方法必须在UI线程中调用。
3.不要手动调用onPreExecute(),doInBackground(Params... params),onProgressUpdate(Progress... values),onPostExecute(Result result)这几个方法。
4.不能在doInBackground(Params... params)中更改UI组件的信息。
5.一个任务实例只能执行一次,如果执行第二次将会抛出异常。
以下为示例代码:
package com.example.asynctasktest;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.MalformedURLException;
import java.net.URL;
import android.graphics.Bitmap;
import android.graphics.BitmapFactory;
import android.os.AsyncTask;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
public class MyAsyncTask extends AsyncTask<String, Integer, Bitmap> {
private ImageView imageView;
private ProgressBar progressBar;
public MyAsyncTask(ImageView imageView, ProgressBar progressBar) {
this.imageView = imageView;
this.progressBar = progressBar;
}
@Override
protected void onProgressUpdate(Integer... values) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onProgressUpdate(values);
progressBar.setProgress(values[0]);
}
@Override
protected void onPreExecute() {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
publishProgress(0);
super.onPreExecute();
}
@Override
protected void onPostExecute(Bitmap result) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
super.onPostExecute(result);
imageView.setImageBitmap(result);
}
@Override
protected Bitmap doInBackground(String... params) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
try {
URL url = new URL(params[0]);
HttpURLConnection httpConnection = (HttpURLConnection) url
.openConnection();
InputStream inputStream = httpConnection.getInputStream();
// 模拟进度条
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
publishProgress((i + 1) * 10);// 更新进度条
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
return BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream);
} catch (MalformedURLException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
} catch (IOException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
e.printStackTrace();
}
return null;
}
}
package com.example.asynctasktest;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.view.Menu;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.ImageView;
import android.widget.ProgressBar;
public class MainActivity extends Activity {
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
Button button = (Button) findViewById(R.id.click);
final ProgressBar progressBar = (ProgressBar) findViewById(R.id.progress);
final ImageView imageView = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.image);
button.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
MyAsyncTask myAsyncTask = new MyAsyncTask(imageView, progressBar);
myAsyncTask.execute("http://img4.imgtn.bdimg.com/it/u=342270898,3098024664&fm=206&gp=0.jpg");
}
});
}
@Override
public boolean onCreateOptionsMenu(Menu menu) {
// Inflate the menu; this adds items to the action bar if it is present.
getMenuInflater().inflate(R.menu.main, menu);
return true;
}
}
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:paddingBottom="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
android:paddingLeft="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingRight="@dimen/activity_horizontal_margin"
android:paddingTop="@dimen/activity_vertical_margin"
tools:context=".MainActivity" >
<Button
android:id="@+id/click"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="press" />
<ProgressBar
android:id="@+id/progress"
style="?android:attr/progressBarStyleHorizontal"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:layout_below="@id/click" />
<ImageView
android:id="@+id/image"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="match_parent"
android:layout_below="@id/progress" />
</RelativeLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.example.asynctasktest"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0" >
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>
<uses-sdk
android:minSdkVersion="8"
android:targetSdkVersion="17" />
<application
android:allowBackup="true"
android:icon="@drawable/ic_launcher"
android:label="@string/app_name"
android:theme="@style/AppTheme" >
<activity
android:name="com.example.asynctasktest.MainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name" >
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
</application>
</manifest>