Python的各种推导式(Comprehensions)

推导式可以让代码更简洁，并且可以增加可读性和执行效率。

列表推导(List Comprehensions)

[i for i in range(5)]	# [0,1,2,3,4]

[i for i in line if "SOME TERM" in i]

x=["1","2","3","4","5"]
y=[int(i) for i in x]	# [1,2,3,4,5]

vec=[[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]]
[num for elem in vec for num in elem]	# [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

元组推导(Tuple Comprehension)

元组推导返回的是 生成器对象

result=(i for i in range(5))
print(result)	# <generator object <genexpr> at 0x00000160355BC948>
print(tuple(result))	# (0, 1, 2, 3, 4)

字典推导(Dictionary Comprehension)

{i:str(i) for i in range(5)}	# {0: '0', 1: '1', 2: '2', 3: '3', 4: '4'}

my_dict={1:"dog",2:"cat",3:"hamster"}
print({key:value for key,value in my_dict.items()})	# {1:"dog",2:"cat",3:"hamster"}

集合推导(Set Comprehension)

my_list1=[1,2,2,3,4,5,5,7,8]
my_set1=set(my_list1)	# {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8}
my_set2={x for x in my_list1}	# # {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8}