布局优化---merge标签的使用

定义

首先我们看官方的说明:

The tag helps eliminate redundant view groups in your view hierarchy when including one layout within another. For example, if your main layout is a vertical LinearLayout in which two consecutive views can be re-used in multiple layouts, then the re-usable layout in which you place the two views requires its own root view. However, using another LinearLayout as the root for the re-usable layout would result in a vertical LinearLayout inside a vertical LinearLayout. The nested LinearLayout serves no real purpose other than to slow down your UI performance. 

merge 标签用于降低View树的层次来优化Android的布局。

应用场景

merge标签可用于两种典型情况：

a.  布局顶结点是FrameLayout且不需要设置background或padding等属性，可以用merge代替，因为Activity内容试图的parent view就是个FrameLayout，所以可以用merge消除只剩一个。
b.  某布局作为子布局被其他布局include时，使用merge当作该布局的顶节点，这样在被引入时顶结点会自动被忽略，而将其子节点全部合并到主布局中。

例子

activity_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<RelativeLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    >

  <LinearLayout
      android:layout_width="match_parent"
      android:layout_height="wrap_content"
      android:gravity="center"
      android:orientation="vertical">
      <TextView
          android:layout_width="wrap_content"
          android:layout_height="wrap_content"
          android:textSize="20dp"
          android:text="Hello World"/>

      <Button
          android:id="@+id/button"
          android:layout_width="wrap_content"
          android:layout_height="wrap_content"
          android:text="submit"/>
      <include layout="@layout/content_main"/>
  </LinearLayout>
</RelativeLayout>

content_main.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<merge xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android">

    <TextView
        android:background="@android:color/holo_red_dark"
        android:textSize="20sp"
        android:layout_width="wrap_content"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:text="Hello " />

</merge>

一般情况下，content_main.xml的最外层是一个RelativeLayout或LinearLayout。这样的话，activity_main.xml布局，“”Hello “”的textView外层就多了一层。
使用merge之后，“”Hello “”直接放在activity_main.xm的LinearLayout内，减少布局层次。

源码分析

public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {  
       synchronized (mConstructorArgs) {  
           final AttributeSet attrs = Xml.asAttributeSet(parser);  
           Context lastContext = (Context)mConstructorArgs[0];  
           mConstructorArgs[0] = mContext;  
           View result = root;  

           try {  
               // Look for the root node.  
               int type;  
               while ((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.START_TAG &&  
                       type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {  
                   // Empty  
               }  

               if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {  
                   throw new InflateException(parser.getPositionDescription()  
                           + ": No start tag found!");  
               }  

               final String name = parser.getName();  

               // m如果是erge标签，那么调用rInflate进行解析  
               if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {  
                   if (root == null || !attachToRoot) {  
                       throw new InflateException("<merge /> can be used only with a valid "  
                               + "ViewGroup root and attachToRoot=true");  
                   }  
                   // 解析merge标签  
                   rInflate(parser, root, attrs, false);  
               } else {  
                  // 代码省略  
               }  

           } catch (XmlPullParserException e) {  
               // 代码省略  
           }   

           return result;  
       }  
   }  


      void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, final AttributeSet attrs,  
           boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {  

       final int depth = parser.getDepth();  
       int type;  

       while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||  
               parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {  

           if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {  
               continue;  
           }  

           final String name = parser.getName();  

           if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {  
               parseRequestFocus(parser, parent);  
           } else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {  
                // 代码省略 
               parseInclude(parser, parent, attrs);  
           } else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {  
               throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");  
           } else if (TAG_1995.equals(name)) {  
               final View view = new BlinkLayout(mContext, attrs);  
               final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;  
               final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);  
               rInflate(parser, view, attrs, true);  
               viewGroup.addView(view, params);                  
           } else { // 我们的例子会进入这里  
               final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, attrs);  
               // 获取merge标签的parent  
               final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;  
               // 获取布局参数  
               final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);  
               // 递归解析每个子元素  
               rInflate(parser, view, attrs, true);  
               // 将子元素直接添加到merge标签的parent view中  
               viewGroup.addView(view, params);  
           }  
       }  

       if (finishInflate) parent.onFinishInflate();  
   } 

其实就是如果是merge标签，那么直接将其中的子元素添加到merge标签parent中，这样就保证了不会引入额外的层级。

参考：
Android布局优化之ViewStub、include、merge使用与源码分析