linux系统引导流程学习2

inittab文件剖析:
在inittab文件中，所有条目采取以下格式：
id:run-level:action:process
id:标识符，一般为两位字母或数字
run-levels：指定运行级别，可以指定多个
action：指定运行状态
process:指定要运行的脚本/命令

​
action常用取值：
initdefault:指定系统缺省启动的运行级别
sysinit:系统启动执行process中指定的命令
wait:执行process中指定的命令，并等其结束在运行其他命令
once:执行process中指定的命令，不等待其结束
ctrlaltdel:按下Ctrl+Alt+Del时执行process指定的命令
powerfail:当出现电源错误时执行process指定的命令，不等待其结束
powerokwait:当出现电源恢复时执行process指定的指令
respawn:一旦process指定的命令中止，便重新运行该命令
设置自启动程序：
chkconfig
ntsysv
查看服务运行级别的开关状态：
chkconfig


lee@lee-pc:~$ chkconfig --list
acpi-support              0:off  1:off  2:on   3:on   4:on   5:on   6:off
acpid                     0:off  1:off  2:off  3:off  4:off  5:off  6:off
alsa-restore              0:off  1:off  2:off  3:off  4:off  5:off  6:off
alsa-store                0:off  1:off  2:off  3:off  4:off  5:off  6:off
anacron                   0:off  1:off  2:off  3:off  4:off  5:off  6:off
apparmor                  0:off  1:off  2:off  3:off  4:off  5:off  6:off  S:on 
apport                    0:off  1:off  2:off  3:off  4:off  5:off  6:off


检查引导期间的错误：
dmesg
(检查系统日志/var/log查找可能被dmesg忽略的应用程序错误)
例如
查看网卡是否识别
lee@lee-pc:~$ dmesg | grep eth0
[   26.687484] ADDRCONF(NETDEV_UP): eth0: link is not ready
查看硬盘
lee@lee-pc:~$ dmesg | grep sda
[    1.827765] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] 625142448 512-byte logical blocks: (320 GB/298 GiB)
[    1.827860] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Write Protect is off
[    1.827863] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Mode Sense: 00 3a 00 00
[    1.827893] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Write cache: enabled, read cache: enabled, doesn't support DPO or FUA
[    1.948609]  sda: sda1 sda2 < sda5 sda6 sda7 sda8 sda9 sda10 >
[    1.949193] sd 1:0:0:0: [sda] Attached SCSI disk
[    3.787554] EXT4-fs (sda8): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[   13.417756] Adding 975868k swap on /dev/sda10.  Priority:-1 extents:1 across:975868k 
[   14.666950] EXT4-fs (sda8): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro
[   14.917267] EXT4-fs (sda9): mounted filesystem with ordered data mode. Opts: (null)
[   27.174510] EXT4-fs (sda8): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro,commit=0
[   27.258655] EXT4-fs (sda9): re-mounted. Opts: commit=0
[   29.983058] EXT4-fs (sda8): re-mounted. Opts: errors=remount-ro,commit=0
[   30.220455] EXT4-fs (sda9): re-mounted. Opts: commit=0