ArrayList和LinkedList的ConcurrentModificationException异常

1.  问题：

ArrayList和LinkedList在循环读取时调用add和remove方法会抛出异常ConcurrentModificationException，看如下代码：

public static void main(String[] args) {
   List<String> list = new ArrayList<String>();
   list.add("1");
   list.add("2");
   list.add("3");
   Iterator<String> iterator = list.iterator();
   while (iterator.hasNext()){
     System.out.println(iterator.next());
     list.add("4");
     System.out.println("add item");
    }
}

运行结果如下：

 

 

2.  原因：

查看JDK源码就会发现问题是出现在next()函数这里，该函数会对list的ModCount进行校验，判断是否修改，如果大小不一样就会抛出如上异常，对于list的add和removed方法都会执行modcount++，但是expectedModCount大小不会改变。

ArrayList中的方法add和remove方法，操作这个方法会对ModCount进行加1操作

public boolean add(E e) {
   ensureCapacity(size + 1);  // Increments modCount!!
   elementData[size++] = e;
   return true;
}
 
public void ensureCapacity(int minCapacity) {
   modCount++;
   int oldCapacity = elementData.length;
   if (minCapacity > oldCapacity) {
       Object oldData[] = elementData;
       int newCapacity = (oldCapacity * 3)/2 + 1;
       if (newCapacity < minCapacity)
           newCapacity = minCapacity;
       // minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
       elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
   }
}

ArrayList没有重写Next方法，使用AbstractList的next方法，同时expectedModCount是AbstractList的一个友好型变量，当调用hashNext方法时会对该变量进行初始化，以后再对List进行修改都不会改变该值（int为基本类型）

int expectedModCount = modCount;

public E next() {
   checkForComodification();
   try {
        E next = get(cursor);
        lastRet = cursor++;
        returnnext;
    } catch(IndexOutOfBoundsException e) {
        checkForComodification();
        thrownew NoSuchElementException();
    }
}
final void checkForComodification() {
    if (modCount != expectedModCount)
        throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}

接下来看一下Linkedlist，LinkedList是重写了next()方法，具体如下：

public E next() {
    checkForComodification();
    if (nextIndex == size)
   	throw new NoSuchElementException();

    lastReturned = next;
    next = next.next;
    nextIndex++;
    return lastReturned.element;
}
final void checkForComodification() {
    if (modCount != expectedModCount)
   	throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}

以上源码都是基于JDK1.6，如有不妥地方，欢迎指教