http://blog.csdn.net/songjinshi/article/details/52816352
前言
这个问题在来小米之前就遇到并解决过,当时的解决方案与朴老师的初步解决方案一样,本文在之前的初步分析结果之上进一步进行了深入分析,最终得出了当前看起来相对合理并符合原来架构设计的最终方案。
文中引用了朴老师抓的backtrace,同时在进一步分析的过程中朴老师也提出的大量有建设性的问题,感谢朴老师!
一、问题现象
1、systemui高频崩溃
2、system server崩溃导致重启
二、解决方案
通过初步分析、深入分析(具体分析过程和关键代码及log在下面)我们知道了问题的原因:
1、_CompressedAsset::getBuffer不是线程安全的
2、多个AssetManager一起share同一个_CompressedAsset对象,而不同的AssetManager在对_CompressedAsset进行get和set时存在多线程并发竞争同一资源的场景
3、多线程对_CompressedAsset进行get和set时没有用同一个lock同步
4、两个线程同时走进_CompressedAsset::getBuffer并发生double free
针对问题的根本原因,给出以下解决方案:
对临界资源的get和set用同一个lock同步,有序访问。
patch已同步提交给AOSP review并merged,patch详情请猛击:https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/271434/
三、初步分析
1、查看崩溃时的backtrace,发现是对象析构时free memory时出问题了,为什么?
backtrace:
#00 pc 0003d546 /system/lib/libc.so (arena_run_dalloc+97)
#01 pc 0003e5e9 /system/lib/libc.so (je_arena_dalloc_large+24)
#02 pc 000463d9 /system/lib/libc.so (ifree+700)
#03 pc 0000fa13 /system/lib/libc.so (free+10)
#04 pc 00018f15 /system/lib/libandroidfw.so (android::StreamingZipInflater::~StreamingZipInflater()+44)
#05 pc 0000dc3f /system/lib/libandroidfw.so (android::_CompressedAsset::getBuffer(bool)+62)
#06 pc 000177c3 /system/lib/libandroidfw.so (android::ResTable::add(android::Asset*, android::Asset*, int, bool)+22)
#07 pc 00010a33 /system/lib/libandroidfw.so (android::AssetManager::appendPathToResTable(android::AssetManager::asset_path const&, unsigned int*) const+270)
#08 pc 00010e5f /system/lib/libandroidfw.so (android::AssetManager::getResTable(bool) const+102)
#09 pc 00080935 /system/lib/libandroid_runtime.so
#10 pc 0001a963 /data/dalvik-cache/arm/system@framework@boot.oat
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之前抓的system server double free crash时的coredump中的thread trace:
2、查看backtrace对应的源码发现是在_CompressedAsset::getBuffer函数中的delete mZipInflater;时挂掉的,为什么?
/*
* Get a pointer to a read-only buffer of data.
*
* The first time this is called, we expand the compressed data into a
* buffer.
*/
const void* _CompressedAsset::getBuffer(bool)
{
unsigned char* buf = NULL;
if (mBuf != NULL)
return mBuf;
/*
* Allocate a buffer and read the file into it.
*/
buf = new unsigned char[mUncompressedLen];
if (buf == NULL) {
ALOGW("alloc %ld bytes failed\n", (long) mUncompressedLen);
goto bail;
}
if (mMap != NULL) {
if (!ZipUtils::inflateToBuffer(mMap->getDataPtr(), buf,
mUncompressedLen, mCompressedLen))
goto bail;
} else {
assert(mFd >= 0);
/*
* Seek to the start of the compressed data.
*/
if (lseek(mFd, mStart, SEEK_SET) != mStart)
goto bail;
/*
* Expand the data into it.
*/
if (!ZipUtils::inflateToBuffer(mFd, buf, mUncompressedLen,
mCompressedLen))
goto bail;
}
/*
* Success - now that we have the full asset in RAM we
* no longer need the streaming inflater
*/
delete mZipInflater;
mZipInflater = NULL;
mBuf = buf;
buf = NULL;
bail:
delete[] buf;
return mBuf;
}
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3、继续查看源码,mZipInflater在_CompressedAsset构造时会被赋值为NULL,delete NULL不会有问题,也就是说mZipInflater一定被创建了,继续找代码发现是在openChunk函数中被创建的
/*
* Constructor.
*/
_CompressedAsset::_CompressedAsset(void)
: mStart(0), mCompressedLen(0), mUncompressedLen(0), mOffset(0),
mMap(NULL), mFd(-1), mZipInflater(NULL), mBuf(NULL)
{
}
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/*
* Open a chunk of compressed data in a mapped region.
*
* Nothing is expanded until the first read call.
*/
status_t _CompressedAsset::openChunk(FileMap* dataMap, size_t uncompressedLen)
{
assert(mFd < 0); // no re-open
assert(mMap == NULL);
assert(dataMap != NULL);
mMap = dataMap;
mStart = -1; // not used
mCompressedLen = dataMap->getDataLength();
mUncompressedLen = uncompressedLen;
assert(mOffset == 0);
if (uncompressedLen > StreamingZipInflater::OUTPUT_CHUNK_SIZE) {
mZipInflater = new StreamingZipInflater(dataMap, uncompressedLen);
}
return NO_ERROR;
}
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4、回到原来的问题,既然mZipInflater一定被创建了,那么为什么delete它时会挂掉?内存被踩?野指针?double free?仔细看_CompressedAsset以及Asset的代码,以及出问题时的backtrace,发现被踩的可能性比较小,因为每次都是死在同一个地方,如果是被踩应该是随机的死,不会每次都死在同一个地方,好了先排除内存被踩的可能性。
5、继续分析是否有野指针的可能,野指针正常是分配了一块内存用指针记录下来内存地址,然后free之后没有置空指针或者是指针变量没有初始化是随机值,导致在使用这个指针的时候出现问题,通过看mZipInflater被使用的代码,发现既不是没有初始化的野指针,也不是free之后没有置空的野指针,好了又排除了野指针的可能。
6、继续分析double free的可能,其实free之后没有置空再次使用并free的野指针是double free的一种简单情况,通过看代码发现mZipInflater被delete之后会置空,所以现在就要考虑一种复杂的double free情况,就是多线程并发时,同时走到了delete mZipInflater;导致第二个线程double free,从出问题的backtrace以及对应的_CompressedAsset的getBuffer代码来看这种情况是很有可能发生的,因为getBuffer以及getBuffer的调用者没有对getBuffer中的临界资源加锁以及做任何同步来保证线程安全,再看一下getBuffer的代码:
const void* _CompressedAsset::getBuffer(bool)
{
unsigned char* buf = NULL;
if (mBuf != NULL)
return mBuf;
/*
* Allocate a buffer and read the file into it.
*/
buf = new unsigned char[mUncompressedLen];
if (buf == NULL) {
ALOGW("alloc %ld bytes failed\n", (long) mUncompressedLen);
goto bail;
}
if (mMap != NULL) {
if (!ZipUtils::inflateToBuffer(mMap->getDataPtr(), buf,
mUncompressedLen, mCompressedLen))
goto bail;
} else {
assert(mFd >= 0);
/*
* Seek to the start of the compressed data.
*/
if (lseek(mFd, mStart, SEEK_SET) != mStart)
goto bail;
/*
* Expand the data into it.
*/
if (!ZipUtils::inflateToBuffer(mFd, buf, mUncompressedLen,
mCompressedLen))
goto bail;
}
/*
* Success - now that we have the full asset in RAM we
* no longer need the streaming inflater
*/
delete mZipInflater;
mZipInflater = NULL;
mBuf = buf;
buf = NULL;
bail:
delete[] buf;
return mBuf;
}
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考虑下面的场景:
Thread A调用getBuffer
Thread B调用getBuffer
Thread A走到delete mZipInflater
Thread B在Thread A走完delete mZipInflater还没有执行mZipInflater = NULL时也走到了delete mZipInflater
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如果同时有多个上面的线程做这样的事情,上面的场景是很容易出现的,所以就发生了double free,该如何解决?
7、通过初步分析backtrace和review代码,发现上面的调用代码的逻辑关系都是对的,上层的调用以及AssetManager都对自己的操作在内部有lock来同步了,而发生问题时是两个不同的AssetManager访问了同一个Asset对象导致的,虽然每个AssetManager都对自己操作进行了同步,但是它们的同步无法对公共的Asset对象生效,既然如此那我们就在Asset自己内部来加lock同步吧,初步方案如下:
代码也一并给AOSP去review了,patch进了我们的代码库之后同样的问题也没有再出现过了,但是问题就这样结束了吗?当然没有,因为这样的剧情没意思,观众喜欢跌宕起伏的剧情!
四、深入分析
1、很遗憾,AOSP不采纳这个patch,原因是_CompressedAsset是非线程安全的,需要使用者自己保证线程安全,需要我们找到使用者并使其保证线程安全。好你丫的,给你提patch提高系统稳定性,你还挑三拣四的。。。。。不过话说回来我们还得再争取争取,与AOSP的人理论,说这个patch至少能提升系统稳定性啥的,不过最终理论的结果是codereview-2变成了两个,有兴趣的观众可以猛击链接查看:https://android-review.googlesource.com/#/c/235040/
2、冷静下来仔细想想,AOSP的人说的也有道理(看起来有点像鸡蛋里挑骨头),那鸡蛋里是不是真有骨头?好吧,接下来就继续找这个骨头:_CompressedAsset的使用者为什么没有做好同步保护?
3、对着代码看呀看,对着backtrace看呀看,终于发现了端倪
#0 0xb6f6f546 in arena_run_dalloc (arena=arena@entry=0xb5127040, run=<optimized out>, dirty=dirty@entry=true, cleaned=cleaned@entry=false) at external/jemalloc/src/arena.c:1270
#1 0xb6f705c2 in je_arena_dalloc_large_locked (arena=arena@entry=0xb5127040, chunk=chunk@entry=0x8a900000, ptr=ptr@entry=0x8a90a000) at external/jemalloc/src/arena.c:2063
#2 0xb6f705ec in je_arena_dalloc_large (arena=0xb5127040, chunk=chunk@entry=0x8a900000, ptr=ptr@entry=0x8a90a000) at external/jemalloc/src/arena.c:2071
#3 0xb6f783dc in je_arena_dalloc (try_tcache=true, ptr=0x8a90a000, chunk=0x8a900000) at external/jemalloc/include/jemalloc/internal/arena.h:1168
#4 je_idalloct (try_tcache=true, ptr=0x8a90a000) at external/jemalloc/include/jemalloc/internal/jemalloc_internal.h:774
#5 je_iqalloct (try_tcache=true, ptr=0x8a90a000) at external/jemalloc/include/jemalloc/internal/jemalloc_internal.h:793
#6 je_iqalloc (ptr=0x8a90a000) at external/jemalloc/include/jemalloc/internal/jemalloc_internal.h:800
#7 ifree (ptr=0x8a90a000) at external/jemalloc/src/jemalloc.c:1228
#8 0xb6f41a14 in free (mem=<optimized out>) at bionic/libc/bionic/malloc_debug_common.cpp:251
#9 0xb6c74f06 in android::StreamingZipInflater::~StreamingZipInflater (this=0x8eb24280, __in_chrg=<optimized out>) at frameworks/base/libs/androidfw/StreamingZipInflater.cpp:93
#10 0xb6c69c42 in android::_CompressedAsset::getBuffer (this=0x8eb32330) at frameworks/base/libs/androidfw/Asset.cpp:887
#11 0xb6c737c4 in android::ResTable::add (this=0x8e870c00, asset=asset@entry=0x8eb32330, idmapAsset=idmapAsset@entry=0x0, cookie=cookie@entry=5, copyData=copyData@entry=false)
at frameworks/base/libs/androidfw/ResourceTypes.cpp:3371
#12 0xb6c6ca36 in android::AssetManager::appendPathToResTable (this=this@entry=0x8e838390, ap=..., entryIdx=entryIdx@entry=0x89de3444) at frameworks/base/libs/androidfw/AssetManager.cpp:678
#13 0xb6c6ce62 in android::AssetManager::getResTable (this=0x8e838390, required=<optimized out>) at frameworks/base/libs/androidfw/AssetManager.cpp:727
#14 0xb6c6cebc in android::AssetManager::getResources (this=<optimized out>, required=required@entry=true) at frameworks/base/libs/androidfw/AssetManager.cpp:813
#15 0xb6ea5b20 in android::android_content_AssetManager_getStringBlockCount (env=<optimized out>, clazz=<optimized out>) at frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_AssetManager.cpp:886
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#0 syscall () at bionic/libc/arch-arm/bionic/syscall.S:44
#1 0xb6f46016 in __futex (timeout=0x0, value=2, op=128, ftx=0xb5127048) at bionic/libc/private/bionic_futex.h:45
#2 __futex_wait_ex (ftx=ftx@entry=0xb5127048, shared=shared@entry=false, value=value@entry=2, timeout=0x0) at bionic/libc/private/bionic_futex.h:66
#3 0xb6f463ac in _normal_lock (shared=0, mutex=0xb5127048) at bionic/libc/bionic/pthread_mutex.cpp:337
#4 pthread_mutex_lock (mutex=mutex@entry=0xb5127048) at bionic/libc/bionic/pthread_mutex.cpp:457
#5 0xb6f6fb78 in je_malloc_mutex_lock (mutex=0xb5127048) at external/jemalloc/include/jemalloc/internal/mutex.h:77
#6 arena_bin_nonfull_run_get (bin=0xb5127300, arena=0xb5127040) at external/jemalloc/src/arena.c:1468
#7 arena_bin_malloc_hard (arena=arena@entry=0xb5127040, bin=bin@entry=0xb5127300) at external/jemalloc/src/arena.c:1515
#8 0xb6f6fdf6 in je_arena_tcache_fill_small (arena=0xb5127040, tbin=tbin@entry=0x8eb0e098, binind=binind@entry=5, prof_accumbytes=prof_accumbytes@entry=0) at external/jemalloc/src/arena.c:1573
#9 0xb6f7d97a in je_tcache_alloc_small_hard (tcache=tcache@entry=0x8eb0e000, tbin=tbin@entry=0x8eb0e098, binind=binind@entry=5) at external/jemalloc/src/tcache.c:72
#10 0xb6f79552 in je_tcache_alloc_small (zero=false, size=<optimized out>, tcache=0x8eb0e000) at external/jemalloc/include/jemalloc/internal/tcache.h:272
#11 je_arena_malloc (try_tcache=true, zero=false, size=<optimized out>, arena=0x0) at external/jemalloc/include/jemalloc/internal/arena.h:1074
#12 je_imalloct (arena=0x0, try_tcache=true, size=<optimized out>) at external/jemalloc/include/jemalloc/internal/jemalloc_internal.h:647
#13 je_imalloc (size=<optimized out>) at external/jemalloc/include/jemalloc/internal/jemalloc_internal.h:656
#14 imalloc_body (usize=<synthetic pointer>, size=<optimized out>) at external/jemalloc/src/jemalloc.c:920
#15 je_malloc (size=<optimized out>) at external/jemalloc/src/jemalloc.c:932
#16 0xb6f41a40 in malloc (bytes=<optimized out>) at bionic/libc/bionic/malloc_debug_common.cpp:259
#17 0xb6f0eb0c in operator new (size=size@entry=44) at bionic/libc/bionic/new.cpp:26
#18 0xb6c73230 in android::ResTable::parsePackage (this=this@entry=0x8eb85180, pkg=pkg@entry=0x8a923b88, header=0x8eb58040) at frameworks/base/libs/androidfw/ResourceTypes.cpp:5806
#19 0xb6c73600 in android::ResTable::addInternal (this=this@entry=0x8eb85180, data=<optimized out>, data@entry=0x8a91a000, dataSize=<optimized out>, idmapData=idmapData@entry=0x0,
idmapDataSize=idmapDataSize@entry=0, cookie=cookie@entry=5, copyData=copyData@entry=false) at frameworks/base/libs/androidfw/ResourceTypes.cpp:3539
#20 0xb6c73824 in android::ResTable::add (this=0x8eb85180, asset=asset@entry=0x8eb32330, idmapAsset=idmapAsset@entry=0x0, cookie=cookie@entry=5, copyData=copyData@entry=false)
at frameworks/base/libs/androidfw/ResourceTypes.cpp:3389
#21 0xb6c6ca36 in android::AssetManager::appendPathToResTable (this=this@entry=0x8eb2c160, ap=..., entryIdx=entryIdx@entry=0x8b8d4444) at frameworks/base/libs/androidfw/AssetManager.cpp:678
#22 0xb6c6ce62 in android::AssetManager::getResTable (this=0x8eb2c160, required=<optimized out>) at frameworks/base/libs/androidfw/AssetManager.cpp:727
#23 0xb6c6cebc in android::AssetManager::getResources (this=<optimized out>, required=required@entry=true) at frameworks/base/libs/androidfw/AssetManager.cpp:813
#24 0xb6ea5b20 in android::android_content_AssetManager_getStringBlockCount (env=<optimized out>, clazz=<optimized out>) at frameworks/base/core/jni/android_util_AssetManager.cpp:886
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"Binder_1" prio=5 tid=10 Native
at android.content.res.AssetManager.getStringBlockCount(Native method)
at android.content.res.AssetManager.makeStringBlocks(AssetManager.java:263)
at android.content.res.AssetManager.ensureStringBlocks(AssetManager.java:255)
- locked <0x138b32bf> (a android.content.res.AssetManager)
at android.content.res.Resources.<init>(Resources.java:240)
at android.content.res.MiuiResources.<init>(MiuiResources.java:109)
at android.app.ResourcesManager.getTopLevelResources(ResourcesManager.java:231)
at android.app.ActivityThread.getTopLevelResources(ActivityThread.java:1630)
at android.app.LoadedApk.getResources(LoadedApk.java:533)
at android.app.ContextImpl.<init>(ContextImpl.java:2256)
at android.app.ContextImpl.createApplicationContext(ContextImpl.java:2102)
at android.content.ContextWrapper.createApplicationContext(ContextWrapper.java:671)
at android.app.Notification$Builder.rebuild(Notification.java:3205)
at android.service.notification.NotificationListenerService$INotificationListenerWrapper.onNotificationPosted(NotificationListenerService.java:615)
at android.service.notification.INotificationListener$Stub.onTransact(INotificationListener.java:71)
at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:446)
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"Binder_3" prio=5 tid=20 Native
at android.content.res.AssetManager.getStringBlockCount(Native method)
at android.content.res.AssetManager.makeStringBlocks(AssetManager.java:263)
at android.content.res.AssetManager.ensureStringBlocks(AssetManager.java:255)
- locked <0x38f64cea> (a android.content.res.AssetManager)
at android.content.res.Resources.<init>(Resources.java:240)
at android.content.res.MiuiResources.<init>(MiuiResources.java:109)
at android.app.ResourcesManager.getTopLevelResources(ResourcesManager.java:231)
at android.app.ActivityThread.getTopLevelResources(ActivityThread.java:1630)
at android.app.LoadedApk.getResources(LoadedApk.java:533)
at android.app.ContextImpl.<init>(ContextImpl.java:2256)
at android.app.ContextImpl.createApplicationContext(ContextImpl.java:2102)
at android.content.ContextWrapper.createApplicationContext(ContextWrapper.java:671)
at android.app.Notification$Builder.rebuild(Notification.java:3205)
at android.service.notification.NotificationListenerService$INotificationListenerWrapper.onNotificationPosted(NotificationListenerService.java:615)
at android.service.notification.INotificationListener$Stub.onTransact(INotificationListener.java:71)
at android.os.Binder.execTransact(Binder.java:446)
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4、首先捋清问题相关的Native关键对象之间的包含关系:
AssetManager包含ZipSet,ZipSet mZipSet;
ZipSet包含SharedZip,mutable Vector<sp<SharedZip> > mZipFile;
SharedZip包含Asset,Asset* mResourceTableAsset;
这里的mResourceTableAsset就对应我们出问题时的_CompressedAsset,既然上面的初步分析是多个AssetManager访问同一个Asset导致的问题,那可能有观众会想知道不同的AssetManager是如何共享同一个Asset,好吧,接下来满足观众的好奇心,继续看代码:
class SharedZip : public RefBase {
public:
static sp<SharedZip> get(const String8& path, bool createIfNotPresent = true);
ZipFileRO* getZip();
Asset* getResourceTableAsset();
Asset* setResourceTableAsset(Asset* asset);
ResTable* getResourceTable();
ResTable* setResourceTable(ResTable* res);
bool isUpToDate();
void addOverlay(const asset_path& ap);
bool getOverlay(size_t idx, asset_path* out) const;
protected:
~SharedZip();
private:
SharedZip(const String8& path, time_t modWhen);
SharedZip(); // <-- not implemented
String8 mPath;
ZipFileRO* mZipFile;
time_t mModWhen;
Asset* mResourceTableAsset;
ResTable* mResourceTable;
Vector<asset_path> mOverlays;
static Mutex gLock;
static DefaultKeyedVector<String8, wp<SharedZip> > gOpen;
};
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发现原来SharedZip的get方法是静态的,并且还有一个静态的gOpen成员,继续看一下SharedZip的get方法是如何实现的:
sp<AssetManager::SharedZip> AssetManager::SharedZip::get(const String8& path,
bool createIfNotPresent)
{
AutoMutex _l(gLock);
time_t modWhen = getFileModDate(path);
sp<SharedZip> zip = gOpen.valueFor(path).promote();
if (zip != NULL && zip->mModWhen == modWhen) {
return zip;
}
if (zip == NULL && !createIfNotPresent) {
return NULL;
}
zip = new SharedZip(path, modWhen);
gOpen.add(path, zip);
return zip;
}
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get的时候会先在gOpen里面找,如果找到了就直接返回,找不到就new一个,所以对于同时存在的多个AssetManager,在传同样的path参数时不同的AssetManager会获取到同一个SharedZip,其实不同的AssetManager共享的是SharedZip,看到这里就明白了,还记得上面的对象包含关系吗?不记得也没关系,再看一下,SharedZip包含Asset,也就是说SharedZip共享,它的Asset成员也同样被共享。
5、在分析代码的过程中我们还发现SharedZip是继承RefBase的,这样就可以通过sp和wp来管理SharedZip对象的生命周期,同时get方法返回的是sp被存在ZipSet的mutable Vector
AssetManager::SharedZip::~SharedZip()
{
if (kIsDebug) {
ALOGI("Destroying SharedZip %p %s\n", this, (const char*)mPath);
}
if (mResourceTable != NULL) {
delete mResourceTable;
}
if (mResourceTableAsset != NULL) {
delete mResourceTableAsset;
}
if (mZipFile != NULL) {
delete mZipFile;
ALOGV("Closed '%s'\n", mPath.string());
}
}
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_CompressedAsset::~_CompressedAsset(void)
{
close();
}
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void _CompressedAsset::close(void)
{
if (mMap != NULL) {
delete mMap;
mMap = NULL;
}
delete[] mBuf;
mBuf = NULL;
delete mZipInflater;
mZipInflater = NULL;
if (mFd > 0) {
::close(mFd);
mFd = -1;
}
}
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6、拉回战线,继续之前的问题,_CompressedAsset的使用者为什么没有做好同步保护?
通过backtrace和代码发现是多线程调用的状态下AssetManager::SharedZip::setResourceTableAsset(Asset* asset)和AssetManager::SharedZip::getResourceTableAsset()没有同步,A线程和B线程都同时走到了appendPathToResTable函数中,问题场景如下:
a、线程A被调度到,先调用getZipResourceTableAsset没有获取到asset,然后调用openNonAssetInPathLocked获得了一个
asset对象并调用setZipResourceTableAsset将这个对象保存,在保存的过程中会先AutoMutex _l(gLock);然后
mResourceTableAsset = asset;最后asset->getBuffer(true);这个getBuffer相对耗时因为有IO相关的操作
b、线程B被调度到,调用getZipResourceTableAsset获取到了线程A刚刚mResourceTableAsset = asset;的asset,
并继续执行到了mResources->add(ass, idmap, *entryIdx + 1, !shared);在add函数中会调用asset的getBuffer()
c、线程A再次被调度到,并执行到了delete mZipInflater;
d、线程B在线程A刚执行完delete mZipInflater;时也再次被调度到,并执行到了delete mZipInflater;
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接着double free的问题就发生了,问题对应的关键代码如下: