与数字相关转换（包括英文和汉语拼音）

数字到英文描述的转换

1.给定一个整数，打印该整数的对应的英文描述，例如输入1234，输出“One Thousand，Two Hundred Thirty Four”

解题思路：

例如在转换19323984时，我们可以考虑分段处理，每三位转换一次，并在适当的位置插入”Thousand”和”million”,也即convert(19 323 984)=conver(19)+” million “+convert(323)+” thousand “+convert(984)

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
using namespace std;
string digits[]={"One","Two","Three","Four","Five","Six","Seven","Eight","Nine"};
string teens[]={"Eleven","Twelve","Thirteen","Fourteen","Fifteen","Sixteen","Seventeen","Eighteen","Nineteen"};
string tens[]={"Ten","Twenty","Thirty","Fourty","Fifty","Sixty","Seventy","Eighty","Ninety"};
string bigs[]={"","Thousand","Million","Billion"};

string numToString100(int number)
{
    string str="";
    //转换百位的地方
    if(number>100)
    {
        str+=digits[number/100-1]+" Hundred ";
        number%=100;
    }
    //转换十位的地方
    if(number>=11 && number<=19)
    {
        str+=teens[number-11]+" ";
    }
    else if(number==10 || number>=20)
    {
        str+=tens[number/10-1]+" ";
        number%=10;
    }
    if(number>=1 && number<=9)
    {
        str+=digits[number-1]+" ";
    }
    return str;
}
string numToString(int number)
{
    if(number==0)
    {
        return "Zero";
    }
    else if(number<0)
    {
        return "Negative"+numToString(-1*number);
    }

    int count=0;
    string str="";
    while(number>0)
    {
        if(number%1000 != 0)
        {
            str=numToString100(number%1000)+bigs[count]+" "+str;
        }
        number/=1000;
        count++;
    }
    return str;
}
int main()
{
    int number;
    cin>>number;
    string result;
    result=numToString(number);
    cout<<result<<endl;
}

程序运行结果：

2.拼音转换为数字

将中文数字的拼音字符转为最终的数字，每个字拼音的首字母大写，比如:JiuWanJiuQianJiuBaiJiuShiJiu表示九万九千九百九十九，即阿拉伯数字99999.

你当然就得每个数字的汉语拼音，但是还是提示你一下，Ling、Yi、Er、San、Si、Wu、Liu、Qi、Ba、Jiu、Shi、Bai、Qian、Wan。

为了简单起见，我们要处理的数字在万以内，不含负数，十、百、千、万等单位前面一定有数字，如YiShi表示10.

输入：中文数字的拼音字符串

输出：阿拉伯数字

样例输入：SanBaiLingSan

样例输出：303

解题思路：

首先遍历输入的拼音字符串，根据拼音首字母大写其他字母小写的特点，将拼音字符分离出来，再与拼音字符表进行比较，将其转换成数字和对应单位的值

需要注意的是
1.对于最后一个输入字符串中的最后一个字母要做特殊处理，防止出现死循环，方法是变量i++;
2.要用一个变量来保存单位前面的数字，如果得到的是单位，则需要将之前保存的乘以相应的单位再相加
3.在result += flag*number;之后要将 flag=0;否则会比如输入YiShi，程序输出是11，凡是以Shi、Bai、Qian、Wan结尾的拼音，都会出错。（根据反馈，修复该Bug）

#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cctype>
using namespace std;

string num[14] = { "Ling", "Yi", "Er", "San", "Si", "Wu", "Liu", "Qi", "Ba", "Jiu", "Shi", "Bai", "Qian", "Wan" };
int getNum(string str)
{
    //cout<<str<<endl;
    int ret=0,n=0;
    for (int i = 0; i < 14; i++)
    {
        if (num[i] == str)
        {
            ret = i;
            break;
        }
    }
    if (ret >10)
    {
        n = ret;
        ret = ret / 10;
        for (int i = 0; i < n % 10 + 1; i++)
        {
            ret *= 10;
        }
    }
    return ret;
}
int main()
{
    string str, temp;
    cin >> str;
    int len = str.size();
    int result = 0, begin = 0, flag = 0, number;
    for (int i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {

        if (begin == 0 || islower(str[i]) && i != len - 1)
        {
            temp.push_back(str[i]);
            begin = 1;
        }
        else
        {
            if (i == len - 1)
            {
                temp.push_back(str[i]);
                i++;    //因为后面i要减1，否则会进入死循环
            }
            number = getNum(temp);
            if (number >= 0 && number <= 9)
            {
                flag = number;
            }
            else
            {
                result += flag*number;
                flag = 0;
            }
            temp.erase();
            i--;
            begin = 0;
        }
    }
    result += flag;
    cout << result << endl;
}

程序运行结果：